ObjectivesTo determine non-Western situated health professional
student experiences and preferences for feedback in workplace-based settings.
MethodsWe conducted five focus groups with 27 students of
Arab-origin enrolled in a Canadian-accredited cross-border pharmacy program in
Qatar. Transcripts of recorded discussions were analyzed using the framework method. Hofstede’s and Hall’s cultural dimension
models were employed to understand described feedback encounters and behaviours.
ResultsWe identified three themes associated with cultural
influences on student feedback experiences, namely: 1) collectivism; 2) power
distance; and 3) context. Trainees
described clinical supervisors who inadequately recognized individual
performance, rejected critique, and insufficiently documented feedback onto the
written in-training evaluation report. Conversely, students expected specific
and timely feedback, invited criticism for learning, and desired clear written
commentary.
ConclusionsFeedback behaviours of clinical supervisors, but not those of trainees, were
consistent with local cultural norms as described by Hofstede and Hall. Instead, feedback expectations of pharmacy
students in Qatar largely echo those of other trainees enrolled in professional
curricula
situated outside the Middle East. Principles for optimal feedback in clinical
training largely arise from Western perspectives but are not necessarily
universal. Our work demonstrates that practices, in part, may be subject to
local socio-cultural influences. This is
of particular importance in the experiential training component of cross-border
medical education programs adopted by overseas institutions. Our findings also
further add to the growing body of literature reporting suboptimal feedback in
workplace-based learning, reinforcing the need to cultivate more
student-centered
practices in health professional training globally.