“…Some theoretical evidence in various literature (e.g., Hmelo-Silver (2004), Othman et al (2013), Savery (2006), Torp & Sage (2002), Yew & Goh (2016)) revealed that PBL could facilitate students in developing their MCTS through the design of its phases supporting them to think critically. Some empirical studies related to the PBL implementation for students' MCTS showed that PBL had a strong positive effect on students' MCTS (Ahdhianto et al, 2020;Buana et al, 2020;Ramadhani et al, 2020;Umar et al, 2020;Zetriuslita et al, 2017;Zetriuslita & Ariawan, 2021). Other empirical studies also showed that PBL had a moderate positive effect on students' MCTS (Arviana et al, 2018;Apriliana et al, 2019;Ayuni et al, 2021;Darhim et al, 2020;Haerani et al, 2019;Prihono & Khasanah, 2020;Yolanda, 2019).…”