Studi Karakterisasi Sampah Landfill dan Potensi Pemanfaatannya (Studi Kasus di TPA Sukawinatan dan Bantargebang)

Abstract

Landfills contain materials that can be recovered to be recycled or used as an energy source. The purpose of this study is to conduct waste characterization that has long been buried in landfill which includes analysis of composition, proximate analysis, and ultimate analysis. Then the waste is analyzed for its use as recycled material and energy sources. The study was conducted at the Sukawinatan landfill (Palembang) and the Bantargebang landfill (Bekasi). Sampling was carried out on garbage that had been buried in landfills by digging at depths of up to 5 m using an excavator. Furthermore, the samples are dried in the sun, sifted with rotary screen, and sorted manually. Some samples were taken by quartering to be analyzed in the laboratory. The results of the research and analysis showed that (i) landfill waste was dominated by compost material (31-47%) and plastic combustible material (32-43%) and nonplastic combustible material (32-43%); (ii) shaped material such as compost has the potential as a substitute for landfill cover and as soil conditioner; (iii) potentially recycled materials such as plastic waste need intensive sorting and cleaning; (iv) landfills excavated waste can be potentially used as an energy source or refuse-derifed fuels (RDF) with a heating value between 7.31-15.61 MJ / kg; (v) landfills excavated waste has the potential to be used as fuel for incinerators; (vi) utilization of landfill waste for the cement industry still faces several obstacles such as high chlorine content and water content.Keywords: landfill, waste characterization, composition, proximate, ultimate ABSTRAKTPA mengandung material yang dapat diambil untuk didaur ulang atau dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan karakterisasi sampah yang telah lama tertimbun di TPA yang meliputi analisis komposisi, analisis proksimat, dan analisis ultimat. Kemudian sampah tersebut dilakukan analisis pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan daur ulang dan sumber energi. Penelitian dilakukan di TPA Sukawinatan (Palembang) dan di TPA Bantargebang (Bekasi). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan terhadap sampah yang sudah tertimbun di landfill dengan cara menggali pada kedalaman hingga 5 m menggunakan excavator. Selanjutnya sampel dijemur, diayak dengan penyaring berputar (rotary screen), dan dipilah secara manual. Sebagian sampel diambil dengan metode perempatan (quartering) untuk kemudian dianalisa di laboratorium. Hasil dari penelitian dan analisisnya memperlihatkan bahwa (i) sampah galian TPA didominasi oleh material kompos (31-47%) dan material combustible plastik (32-43%) serta combustible nonplastik (32-43%); (ii) material berbentuk seperti kompos memiliki potensi sebagai pengganti soil cover TPA dan sebagai material pembenah tanah (soil conditioner); (iii) material yang potensial didaur ulang seperti sampah plastik perlu pemilahan dan pembersihan yang intensif; (iv) sampah galian TPA potensial dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi atau RDF (refuse-derifed fuels) dengan nilai kalor antara 7,31-15,61 MJ/kg; (v) sampah galian TPA berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan bakar insinerator PLTSa; (vi) pemanfaatan sampah galian TPA untuk industri semen masih menghadapi beberapa kendala seperti tingginya kandungan klorin dan kadar air.Kata kunci: landfill, karakterisasi sampah, komposisi, proksimat, ultimat

Characteristics of humate soil from landfill mining in Bantargebang Integrated Solid Waste Treatment Facility, Indonesia

“…Meanwhile, mined material had non-SLM content of 64.55-69.95%, with an average of 67.31±1.57%. This composition showed that the SLM content of mined material was almost close to previous studies of 31.00-35.54% [7,10]. All FF was classified as SLM, while MF contained SLM of 94.00±1.51%, plastics 1.96±0.67%, twigs 3.44±0.50%, glass 0.76±0.42%, and metal 0.37±0.22% (Table 2, Figures 6 and 7).…”

“…Figure 4 shows a composition of mined material that consisted of plastics 34.36±0.81%, SLM 32.69±1.57%, wood 14.41±1.53%, garden waste 2.50±0.49%, textile/fabric 2.64±0.33%, rubber/leather 2.21±1.15%, diaper 2.13±0.46%, glass 1.29±0.48%, styrofoam 0.82±0.39%, metal 0.50±0.13%, hazardous waste 0.22±0.12%, food waste 0.08±0.02%, paper 0.02±0.07%, and other 6.08±0.53%. This composition can be classified into non-combustible and combustible materials at 40.89% and 59.11%, respectively, while a previous study was 44% and 5% [7]. Non-combustible materials were dominated by SLM and those of the combustibles by plastics and wood.…”

“…The higher the moisture level, the lower strength of compost pellets [37]. Previous studies found that the moisture content of FF and MF of 31.8-51.1% met compost standards [7,10]. 4.3.2.…”

“…Rapid population growth in cities significantly increases the amount of MSW that should be dumped in a landfill until it reaches a maximum capacity and requires expansion at some time. Due to the lack of landfill area availability, some countries implement landfill mining (LM) to expand landfill capacity while recovering energy and materials [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The landfill-mined material recovery not only produces resources such as plastics, metal, glass, and paper but also a prodigious volume of soil-like material (SLM) [12].…”

“…Landfill-mined material contained SLM of 31.00-35.54%, which had the potential for agricultural purpose. Besides, this material also consisted of plastics (28.02-31.74%), wood (13.8-15.9%), and textiles (7.59-13.89%), which were potentially used for energy sources [7,10]. Most of the SLM produced was humate soil, which was used for composting to meet the internal needs of the SWTF.…”