Studies and characterisations of various activated carbons used for carbon/carbon supercapacitors

Gamby, Jean; Taberna, Pierre‐Louis; Simon, Patrice; Fauvarque, Jean‐François; Chesneau, Manuel

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(01)00707-8

Cited by 1,193 publications

(686 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To illustrate this point, one can consider a hypothetical full cell containing a CuHCF electrode and a highly reversible counter electrode such as activated carbon, which has very small voltage hysteresis at low current densities 29 . In aqueous electrolytes, a reasonable voltage for this hypothetical cell is about one volt.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper hexacyanoferrate battery electrodes with long cycle life and high power

2011

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Short-term transients, including those related to wind and solar sources, present challenges to the electrical grid. Stationary energy storage systems that can operate for many cycles, at high power, with high round-trip energy effi ciency, and at low cost are required. Existing energy storage technologies cannot satisfy these requirements. Here we show that crystalline nanoparticles of copper hexacyanoferrate, which has an ultra-low strain open framework structure, can be operated as a battery electrode in inexpensive aqueous electrolytes. After 40,000 deep discharge cycles at a 17 C rate, 83 % of the original capacity of copper hexacyanoferrate is retained. Even at a very high cycling rate of 83 C, two thirds of its maximum discharge capacity is observed. At modest current densities, round-trip energy effi ciencies of 99 % can be achieved. The low-cost, scalable, room-temperature co-precipitation synthesis and excellent electrode performance of copper hexacyanoferrate make it attractive for largescale energy storage systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper hexacyanoferrate battery electrodes with long cycle life and high power

2011

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“…The stretchable supercapacitor with 0% and 30% strain all showed a line close to 90º at low frequency, indicating a good capacitive behavior. 42 At high frequency, the intercept point on the real axis represents the resistance of the electrolyte and the internal resistance of the electrodes, which can be called bulk resistance, and the diameter of compressed semicircle is attributed to charge transfer resistance. 43 Both the bulk resistance and charge transfer resistance increased with the applied strain, which agrees with the results from CV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsically Stretchable Supercapacitors Composed of Polypyrrole Electrodes and Highly Stretchable Gel Electrolyte

Zhao

Wang

Yue

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

198

155

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There has been an emerging interest in stretchable power sources compatible with flexible/wearable electronics. Such power sources must be able to withstand large mechanical strains and still maintain function. Here we report a highly stretchable H3PO4-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer electrolyte obtained by optimizing the polymer molecular weight and its weight ratio to H3PO4 in terms of conductivity and mechanical properties. The electrolyte demonstrates a high conductivity of 3.4 x 10-3 S cm-1, and a high fracture strain at 410% elongation. It is mechanically robust with a tensile strength of 2 MPa and a Young's modulus of 1 MPa, and displays a small plastic deformation (5%) after 1000 stretching cycles at 100% strain. A stretchable supercapacitor device has been developed based on buckled polypyrrole electrodes and the polymer electrolyte. The device shows only a small capacitance loss of 5.6% at 30% strain, and can retain 81% of the initial capacitance after 1000 cycles of such stretching. ABSTRACT: There has been an emerging interest in stretchable power sources compatible with flexible/wearable electronics. Such power sources must be able to withstand large mechanical strains and still maintain function. Here we report a highly stretchable H 3 PO 4 -poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer electrolyte obtained by optimizing the polymer molecular weight and its weight ratio to H 3 PO 4 in terms of conductivity and mechanical properties. The electrolyte demonstrates a high conductivity of 3.4×10 -3 S cm -1 , and a high fracture strain at 410% elongation. It is mechanically robust with a tensile strength of 2 MPa and a Young's modulus of 1 MPa, and displays a small plastic deformation (5%) after 1000 stretching cycles at 100% strain. A stretchable supercapacitor device has been developed based on buckled polypyrrole electrodes and the polymer electrolyte. The device shows only a small capacitance loss of 5.6% at 30%strain, and can retain 81% of the initial capacitance after 1000 cycles of such stretching.2

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“…The last decades, special high ion absorbing carbon has been developed for use in super capacitors [47][48][49][50] and in capacitive deionization (CDI) [51,52]. If this material is used as electrode in a RED stack, during a certain time an internal ionic current can persist.…”

Section: Capacitive Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical specific capacitances are reported of 100-200 F g -1 carbon in aqueous solution [47][48][49][50]. Using the highest value of 200 F g -1 , for an uploading to 1 V, there is 200 F g -1 carbon needed.…”

Section: Capacitive Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse electrodialysis: evaluation of suitable electrode systems

Veerman

Saakes²,

Metz³

et al. 2010

J Appl Electrochem

236

188

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Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a method for directly extracting electrical energy from salinity gradients, especially from sea and river water. For the commercial implementation of RED, the electrode system is a key component. In this paper, novel electrode systems for RED were compared with existing systems on safety, health, environment, technical feasibility and economics. Systems with inert DSA-type electrodes and a NaCl-HCl supporting electrolyte with the reversible Fe 2? /Fe 3? redox couple or the [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4-/Fe(CN) 6 ] 3-couple achieved the highest ranking. Improvements of the electrode system are also discussed like the use of special stable metal electrodes, graphite electrodes, other reversible redox couples, capacitive electrodes and electrolytes with carbon particles.

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Studies and characterisations of various activated carbons used for carbon/carbon supercapacitors

Cited by 1,193 publications

References 7 publications

Copper hexacyanoferrate battery electrodes with long cycle life and high power

Copper hexacyanoferrate battery electrodes with long cycle life and high power

Intrinsically Stretchable Supercapacitors Composed of Polypyrrole Electrodes and Highly Stretchable Gel Electrolyte

Reverse electrodialysis: evaluation of suitable electrode systems

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