Studies in a co-infection murine model of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi and Leishmania infantum: interferon&lt;FONT FACE=Symbol&gt;-g&lt;/FONT&gt; and interleukin-4 mRNA expression

Marques, Cláudia; Rolão, Nuno; Centeno-Lima, Sónia; Lousada, Hélder; Maia, Carla; Campino, Lenea; Rosário, Virgílio Estólio do; Silveira, Henrique

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762005000800011

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Findings in this study suggest that people living in areas with malaria are at increased risk for leishmaniasis infection. This is in agreement with other studies that state concomitant Plasmodium infection seems to increase the susceptibility to leishmaniasis [18]. Moreover, previous studies has found patients suffering from malaria infections exhibit the presence of Leishmania parasites in their body [55] or vice versa [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The study of malaria and leishmaniasis is of paramount importance in public health study of parasitic infections. The two diseases are currently two of the major causes of mortality and morbidity among human parasitic infections, with an enormous social and economic impact [18]. The current study shows an association between the incidence of malaria and leishmaniasis incidence in the studied areas of Afghanistan.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

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Joint spatial time-series epidemiological analysis of malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis infection

2016

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Malaria and leishmaniasis are among the two most important health problems of many developing countries especially in the Middle East and North Africa. It is common for vector-borne infectious diseases to have similar hotspots which may be attributed to the overlapping ecological distribution of the vector. Hotspot analyses were conducted to simultaneously detect the location of local hotspots and test their statistical significance. Spatial scan statistics were used to detect and test hotspots of malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Afghanistan in 2009. A multivariate negative binomial model was used to simultaneously assess the effects of environmental variables on malaria and CL. In addition to the dependency between malaria and CL disease counts, spatial and temporal information were also incorporated in the model. Results indicated that malaria and CL incidence peaked at the same periods. Two hotspots were detected for malaria and three for CL. The findings in the current study show an association between the incidence of malaria and CL in the studied areas of Afghanistan. The incidence of CL disease in a given month is linked with the incidence of malaria in the previous month. Co-existence of malaria and CL within the same geographical area was supported by this study, highlighting the presence and effects of environmental variables such as temperature and precipitation. People living in areas with malaria are at increased risk for leishmaniasis infection. Local healthcare authorities should consider the co-infection problem by recommending systematic malaria screening for all CL patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Joint spatial time-series epidemiological analysis of malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis infection

2016

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“…The pioneer work of Adler et al . on co-infected hamsters [49] highlighted a reduced proliferation of P. berghei for effect of the Leishmania infection, supporting the idea of a VL-triggered cross-immunity against malaria, whereas the more recent mouse model data [46-48] seem to suggest the opposite conclusion. It is worthy to note that animals were challenged with blood-stage parasites rather than with sporozoites, bypassing the naturally occurring liver phase against which cellular immunity is most effective and most likely to be developed in response to VL ( Leishmania parasites visceralize in the liver, too).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies performed in co-infection murine models of P. chabaudi chabaudi and L. infantum [46], and of P. yoelii and L. mexicana amazonensis [47,48] have highlighted an exacerbating effect of the two diseases upon each other, particularly for leishmaniasis, whose enhanced parasite load was attributed to the Plasmodium -triggered release of splenic IL-4, as assessed by gene expression [46]. Conversely in golden hamsters, pre-inoculation with different L. infantum strains resulted in a reduced proliferation of P. berghei , with no aggravation of the Leishmania infection [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine profiles amongst Sudanese patients with visceral leishmaniasis and malaria co-infections

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe immune system plays a critical role in the development of co-infections, promoting or preventing establishment of multiple infections and shaping the outcome of pathogen-host interactions. Its ability to mediate the interplay between visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and malaria has been suggested, but poorly documented. The present study investigated whether concomitant infection with Leishmania donovani complex and Plasmodium falciparum in naturally co-infected patients altered the immunological response elicited by the two pathogens individually.ResultsCirculating levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were assessed in sera of patients infected with active VL and/or malaria and healthy individuals from Gedarif State, Sudan. Comparative analysis of cytokine profiles from co- and mono-infected patients highlighted significant differences in the immune response mounted upon co-infection, confirming the ability of L. donovani and P. falciparum to mutually interact at the immunological level. Progressive polarization towards type-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine patterns characterized the co-infected patients, whose response partly reflected the effect elicited by VL (IFN-γ, TNF) and malaria (IL-2, IL-13), and partly resulted from a synergistic interaction of the two diseases upon each other (IL-17A). Significantly reduced levels of P. falciparum parasitaemia (P <0.01) were detected in the co-infected group as opposed to the malaria-only patients, suggesting either a protective or a non-detrimental effect of the co-infection against P. falciparum infection.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a new immunological scenario may occur when L. donovani and P. falciparum co-infect the same patient, with potential implications on the course and resolution of these diseases.

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“…Recent studies conducted in East Africa, where the co‐infection prevalence in patients with VL ranged from 4% to 61%, highlighted a substantial increase in disease‐related morbidity, with co‐infected patients suffering from more frequent emaciation, jaundice and malaise, despite exhibiting a similar prognosis . Interestingly, VL and malaria have been shown to cross‐interact in experimentally co‐infected animals, shaping host susceptibility towards one or the other infection and the immune response elicited locally, albeit with substantial differences across the various studies . At the patient level, increased concentrations of Th1 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were observed amongst Sudanese co‐infected individuals, demonstrating the ability of the two pathogens to modulate host immunity and possibly the severity of infections that follow .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania donovani infection drives the priming of human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells during Plasmodium falciparum co‐infections

Bogaart

Bes

Balraadjsing

et al. 2015

Parasite Immunology

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SUMMARYFunctional impairment of dendritic cells (DCs) is part of a survival strategy evolved by Leishmania and Plasmodium parasites to evade host immune responses. Here, the effects of co-exposing human monocyte-derived DCs to Leishmania donovani promastigotes and Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes were investigated. Co-stimulation resulted in a dual, dose-dependent effect on DC differentiation which ranged from semi-mature cells, secreting low interleukin(-12p70 levels to a complete lack of phenotypic maturation in the presence of high parasite amounts. The effect was mainly triggered by the Leishmania parasites, as illustrated by their ability to induce semi-mature, interleukin-10-producing DCs, that poorly responded to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Conversely, P. falciparum blood-stage forms failed to activate DCs and only slightly interfered with lipopolysaccharide effects. Stimulation with high L. donovani concentrations triggered phosphatidylserine translocation, whose onset presented after initiating the maturation impairment process. When added in combination, the two parasites could co-localize in the same DCs, confirming that the leading effects of Leishmania over Plasmodium may not be due to mutual exclusion. Altogether, these results suggest that in the presence of visceral leishmaniasis-malaria co-infections, Leishmania-driven effects may overrule the more silent response elicited by P. falciparum, shaping host immunity towards a regulatory pattern and possibly delaying disease resolution.

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Studies in a co-infection murine model of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi and Leishmania infantum: interferon<FONT FACE=Symbol>-g</FONT> and interleukin-4 mRNA expression

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Joint spatial time-series epidemiological analysis of malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis infection

Joint spatial time-series epidemiological analysis of malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis infection

Cytokine profiles amongst Sudanese patients with visceral leishmaniasis and malaria co-infections

Leishmania donovani infection drives the priming of human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells during Plasmodium falciparum co‐infections

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