Studies in Glacier Physics on the Penny Ice Cap, Baffin ISland, 1953. Part IV: The Flow of Highway Glacier

Ward, W. H.

doi:10.3189/002214355793702082

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To assess the relative importance of internal deformation at different periods, we used historical and current measurements of ice thickness and surface slope at Highway Glacier (Ward, 1955) to compute expected deformation rates using a simplified form of Glen's flow law (Glen, 1955):…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On Highway Glacier (Glacier 8), historical measurements allow a reconstruction of velocity changes over the past 58 years. From stake measurements made along two transverse profiles ∼0.87 km apart with a mean elevation of 760 m a.s.l., Ward (1955) estimated the mean annual surface velocity of the glacier to be 57 m a −1 over a 38 day period in July and August 1953 (Figs 3, 8). He also calculated the annual surface motion from the change in position of a medial moraine (situated between stakes A and B; Fig.…”

Section: Velocity Changes Through Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice velocity changes on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, since the 1950s

2017

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ABSTRACT. Predicting the velocity response of glaciers to increased surface melt is a major topic of ongoing research with significant implications for accurate sea-level rise forecasting. In this study we use optical and radar satellite imagery as well as comparisons with historical ground measurements to produce a multi-decadal record of ice velocity variations on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island. Over the period 1985-2011, the six largest outlet glaciers on the ice cap decelerated by an average rate of 21 m a The recent slowdown of outlet glaciers has coincided with increases in mass loss, terminus retreat and an inferred reduction in basal sliding. Measured decelerations are greater than the total shortterm variability measured from both seasonal and interannual fluctuations, and support the hypothesis that glacier thinning and/or increased meltwater production promotes a long-term reduction in ice motion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Velocity Changes Through Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Ice velocity changes on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, since the 1950s

2017

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“…Before that, also in the USA, snow hydrological investigations had already been carried out (US Army Snow Hydrology, 1956). The earliest attempts at quantifying the glacial meltwater proportion of watershed yield were achieved by leveraging glacier mass balance, climate, and discharge data (Collier, 1958;Henoch 1971), while a glacier physics investigation was done on the Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island (Ward, 1955). The surface hydrology of permafrost was summarized by Dingman (1971) and Church (1974), while in situ observations and cursory measurements were made in permafrost areas in the early half of the twentieth century by the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), USA (Sellmann, 1967).…”

Section: Origin Of the Cryohydrology Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Basis and Discipline System of Cryohydrology: From a Perspective of Cryospheric Science

et al. 2020

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Initially, cryohydrology was referred to as hydrology involving low temperatures, for example, the hydrological study of snow, ice, frozen ground, and cold water. This discipline broadened with the development of cryospheric science and now involves hydrological processes of various cryosphere elements systematically coupled with river basin hydrological processes. However, limited studies have introduced the characteristics and discipline connotations of cryohydrology from a perspective of cryospheric science. Here, we reviewed the evolution of the connotations of cryohydrology and analyzed its hydrological basis and discipline system. Three major conclusions were drawn. (1) Cryohydrology was developed based on traditional hydrology for a single element of the cryosphere and focuses on the hydrological functions of the cryosphere and its impact on the water cycle and water supply to other spheres. (2) The hydrological basis of cryohydrology can be summarized as water conservation, runoff recharge, and hydrological regulation. In detail, the water conservation function is primarily expressed as “source of freshwater” and “cold and wet islands,” the runoff recharge function is concerned with water supply, and the regulation function is effective at intra- and inter-annual scales. (3) The core research issues of cryohydrology are research methods, hydrological processes, watershed functions, and regional impact. The important characteristics of cryohydrology are frequent water phase transitions and high variability across spatial and temporal scales. Cryohydrology aims to deepen the understanding of the theoretical and cognitive levels of its mechanisms and processes, accurately quantify the hydrological functions of the basin, and promote understanding of the ecological and environmental impacts of the cryosphere.

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“…The genera l strike of th e crevasses is parallel to the direction of the maximum compressive axes at grids C, D and G , whereas the directions of the crevasses around grid H a re parallel to th e maximum shear directions, suggesting that the crevasses are produ ced by shear stresses. That crevasses should strike perpendicular to th e direction of the maximum tensile stress has been d emonstrated by Nye ( [952 , 1959), Ward (1955), Wu and Christensen (1964) and Ki zaki ( 1969). On the oth er hand, Taylor ( [963) showed that crevasses due to shear stress are ori entated at 45° to the direction of the maximum compressive stress.…”

Section: Physical Settingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fabric Analysis of Surface Ice near Casey Range, East Antarctica

Kizaki¹

1969

J. Glaciol.

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Forbes Glacier, one of the outlet ice streams from the Antarctic ice sheet, is located 20 km west of Mawson, Mac.Robertson Land, east Antarctica. In the uppermost part of the glacier near Casey Range, the velocity at the centre of the glacier is 59 m year−1and the strain-rate at seven strain grids ranges from −6.7 to 6.7×10−3year−1on the surface of the glacier. The fabric types of this area are characterized by single-maximum and small-girdle fabrics. It is confirmed that the single-maximum fabric is an original pattern which changes gradually to a small girdle fabric about the maximum compressive axis in association with grain growth. The patterns predicted by Brace (1960) can be adapted to the small-girdle fabrics of this area.

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Studies in Glacier Physics on the Penny Ice Cap, Baffin ISland, 1953. Part IV: The Flow of Highway Glacier

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Ice velocity changes on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, since the 1950s

Ice velocity changes on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, since the 1950s

Hydrological Basis and Discipline System of Cryohydrology: From a Perspective of Cryospheric Science

Fabric Analysis of Surface Ice near Casey Range, East Antarctica

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