Studies into Meiotic Stability, Pollen and Seed Fertility in Triticales

Kempanna, C.; Seetharam, A.

doi:10.1508/cytologia.37.327

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Reports in the literature on the correlation between meiotic abnormalities and seed yield are scarce and outdated. According to Kempanna and Seetharam (1972), there is no evidence that alteration during meiosis causes seed sterility in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) whereas, Smith and Murphy (1986) reported that irregularities in the meiotic process were partially responsible for the decline in seed yield in Medicago sativa L.. In the case of the genus Urochloa, there are several recent reports associating polyploidy and irregularities during cell division with pollen inviability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporogenesis associated with seed yield in Urochloa sexual polyploid hybrids

Ragalzi

Mendes

Simeão

et al. 2021

Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.

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High seed yield is a fundamental characteristic of apomictic and sexual hybrids of the genus Urochloa P. Beauv. (syn. Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb.). It has been suggested that there is an association between polyploidy, the presence of meiotic irregularities, and low seed formation in this genus. The present study aimed to correlate these characteristics in Urochloa polyploid sexual interspecific hybrids in relation to the production of pure seeds. Segregational and non-segregational abnormalities were shown to led to cause the formation of tetrads with micronuclei, microcytes, polyads, and anomalous end products. The correlation between the percentage of meiotic abnormalities and the total production of pure seeds was negative and significant. To our knowledge, this is the first research with sexual polyploid hybrids from Urochloa and is relevant to identify hybrids with less frequent meiotic abnormalities and higher seed yield, with promising female parents for the breeding program.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporogenesis associated with seed yield in Urochloa sexual polyploid hybrids

Ragalzi

Mendes

Simeão

et al. 2021

Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.

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“…The low correlation between behaviour of chromosomes at meiosis and pollen viability (stainability) in various interspecific and intergeneric hybrids has been reported repeatedly (Kempanna and Seetharam 1972, Hsam and Larter 1973, Gaur et al, 1983, Kaiser 1988. In our study on the allotetraploid hybrid, the regularity of meiotic behaviour and the formation of tetrads turned out to be comparable to the parents; the plant was.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Successful hybridization between Lolium and Dactylis

1996

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In order to test crossability of Lolium and Dactylis, a total of 4126 florets of six different varieties and ploidy levels of Lolium multiflorum Lam. and L. perenne L. were pollinated using a blend of pollen from two cultivars and three ecotypes of Dactylis glomerata L. Additionally, reciprocal pollinations were carried out on 363 florets of two D. glomerata cultivars with pollen of L. multiflorum. Both pre-and postzygotic cross barriers were strong. Auxin application was effective in overcoming post-zygotic barriers. One viable hybrid plant arose from 16 embryos. The hybrid between L. multiflorum and D. glomerata showed characteristics of both parents. The symmetric character of the hybrid was confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization. Backcross pollinations with pollen of both parents yielded two plants from five embryos with L. multiflorum only. Both the production of allopolyploid hybrids having characters of both species and the transfer of useful characters of D. glomerata into L. multiflorum should be possible.Interspecific and intergeneric crosses are mostly used to produce new allopolyploid forms or to increase the genetic variation within the species by introgression. Moreover, the production of haploids via chromosome elimination, resynthesis of allopolyploid species, production of alloplasmic lines and analysis of genomes may be important objectives (Oertel 1995). Plant breeders are interested in combining characters from different species or transferring genes of one species into another. In several cases interspecific and intergeneric hybrids have contributed to crop improvement (reviewed by Thomas and Humphreys 1991, Kalloo 1992, Jiang et al. 1994, Sharma 1995.In wide hybridization, barriers prevent fertilization, disturb the development of embryos or cause hybrid lethality, weakness, sterility or breakdown in F2. Attempts to overcome preand post-zygotic barriers have been made extensively in wide crosses (for a review, see Khush and Brar 1992). Hybrid sterility was overcome in some cases by the production of amphidiploids, e.g., Triticale and Festulolium.The grass species Lolium multifiorum, L. perenne, and Dactylis glomerata are the most important fodder grasses in temperate climates (Smith 1995). Because of several outstanding features in these species the production of allopolyploids between L. multifiorum or L. perenne and D. glomerata or the introgression of various characters from D. glomerata into Lolium species, and vice versa, are of interest to breeders. Silccessful crosses between Lolium and the remotely-related D. glomerata have not been reported so far. In this paper results concerning crossability between L. multifiorum or L. perenne and Z). glomerata and the first hybrid will be described. Materials and MethodsPlants of the cultivars of L. multiflorum Lam. {Lm) 'Liberta', 'Malmi', 'Manito' (2n = Ax = 28) and of L. perenne L. {Lp) 'Gremie' (2« = 2x = 14), 'Mandat' (2« = 4x = 28) and the variety 'Viva A120' (2n = 2x = 14) served as female parents. A blend of pollen from the cultivars...

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“…The protein is composed of high percentage of an amino acid lysine, which is an essential ingredient of human and animal nutrition. It is true that the grain is rather coarse and lacks in sufficient gluten content (Kempanna and Seetharam, 1972). So, it cannot make good bread flour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Between Wheat and Triticale Under

El-Sayed

Mostafa

Aleem

2000

Journal of Plant Production

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Four experiments were carried out. Two experiments were grown in each of Ismailia and Tag El-Ezz Agricultural Research Station in 1997/1998 and 1998/1999 growing seasons. Ismailia and Tag El-Ezz experimental soils representing a sandy soil with drought stress conditions and salt affected clay soil.Two triticale varieties (Juan and the new line T. line 1) and the commercial bread wheat cultivar Sids 1 were used. The varieties were grown in split-split plot in RCB design under three nitrogen levels (60, 90 and 120 kg N/faddan) with three seeding rates (200, 300 and 400 seeds/m 2 ). Data of grain yield and yield components were recorded from all the experiments.Analysis of variance indicated that the mean grain yield in sandy soil (10.20 ardab/ faddan) was higher than that in saline soil (7.24 ardab/faddan). That was true with number of spikes/m 2 and 1000-kernel weight. The new triticale "T. line 1" significantly outyielded the other varieties and produced 11.17 ardab/faddan in sandy soil. No significant differences were observed between varieties in saline soil.In sandy soil, grain yield responded up to 90 kg N/faddan and recorded 10.74 ardab/ faddan, while in saline soil the nitrogen level of 60 kg/faddan seems to be adequate, since it gave the higher grain yield of 7.86 ardab/faddan. Nitrogen level had the same significant effect on number of grains/spike and with insignificant effect on either number of spikes/m 2 or 1000-kernel weight, in both soils.Seeding rate had a significant effect on grain yield and yield components in sandy soil only. The higher seeding rate (400 seeds/m 2 ) produced higher grain yield (11.03 ardab/faddan). The same trend was observed in the three yield components.Under sandy soil conditions, in Ismailia, the nitrogen level of 60kg N/faddan was enough for Juan to produce its highest grain yield, while T. Line 1 gave the highest grain yield with 90 kg N/faddan. Sids 1 responded up to 120 kg N/faddan.Generally, the highest grain yield produced when T. Line 1 was grown under 90 kg N/faddan using 400 grains/m 2 .

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Studies into Meiotic Stability, Pollen and Seed Fertility in Triticales

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Microsporogenesis associated with seed yield in Urochloa sexual polyploid hybrids

Microsporogenesis associated with seed yield in Urochloa sexual polyploid hybrids

Successful hybridization between Lolium and Dactylis

Comparison Between Wheat and Triticale Under

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