Studies of 1T TiS2 by STM, AFM and XPS: the mechanism of hydrolysis in air

Martínez, Hervé; Auriel, C.; Gonbeau, Danielle; Loudet, Michel; Pfister‐Guillouzo, G.

doi:10.1016/0169-4332(95)00339-8

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These Ti 2p features are assigned to the TiO 2 and the corresponding O 1s peak is found at 530.4 eV with a O:Ti ratio of 2:1. As already reported, the presence of TiO 2 is likely due to possible oxidation of TiS 2 due to unexpected presence of trace amounts of oxygen and/or ambient moisture in the synthesizing process. In line with a previous report by Gonbeau et.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Low‐Cost TiS₂ as Hole‐Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2017

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A room‐temperature low‐cost TiS2 p‐type contact material is applied for the first time as the hole‐transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 13.5%. Synthesized by a simple two‐step hot‐injection method, it presents a much lower price per m2 than octakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐9,9′‐spirospirobi[9H‐fluorene]‐2,2′,7,7′‐tetramine (spiro‐OMeTAD), 30 times lower in price ($0.046 for TiS2 and $1.36 for spiro‐OMeTAD at 13.54% efficiency), standing out over most of the reported HTM alternatives.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Low‐Cost TiS₂ as Hole‐Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2017

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“…Traditionally, sulfur doping was achieved under exotic reaction conditions such as thermal decomposition of thiourea (TU) [46][47][48]50] or thermal annealing of TiS 2 at 723-873 K [43,44,51,52]. The most attractive feature of our method is that TiS 2 is used as both a precursor of titanium dioxide and a sulfur source for the simultaneous crystallization and doping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of S-doped TiO2 with visible light photocatalytic activity

Lee

2006

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

254

131

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“…532 eV), [11] the most prominent peak is located at about 530-531 eV.This peak is related to the bridging oxygen, [12] indicating the presence of the intermediate structure of Se-O-Ti. [15] As the peaks of the intermediate structure are also resolved on the freshly exfoliated surface,w ec an infer that oxidation starts immediately after the surface is exposed to air.And the doublet at about 457.0 and about 463.6 eV totally disappeared in the fully oxidized products,f urther confirming that these two peaks should correspond to the intermediate TiO x Se 2Àx with Se-O-Tib onds (Supporting Information, Figure S7b). [13] Thee xistence of the intermediate structure of Se-O-Tiwas also well-supported by the Ti 2p core-level spectra of the partially oxidized samples, showing doublet peaks at about 457.0 and about 463.6 eV along with the doublet peaks for the pristine TiSe 2 [14] and the doublet peaks arisen from TiO 2 (Figure 2h).…”

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confidence: 99%

Suppression of the Charge Density Wave State in Two‐Dimensional 1T‐TiSe₂ by Atmospheric Oxidation

et al. 2017

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Tw o-dimensional (2D) metallic transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as 1T-TiSe 2 ,h ave recently emerged as unique platforms for exploring their exciting properties of superconductivity and the charge density wave (CDW). 2D 1T-TiSe 2 undergoes rapid oxidation under ambient conditions,s ignificantly affecting its CDWp hase-transition behavior.W ec omprehensively investigate the oxidation process of 2D TiSe 2 by tracking the evolution of the chemical composition and atomic structure with various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and reveal its unique seleniumassisting oxidation mechanism. Our findings facilitate abetter understanding of the chemistry of ultrathin TMDCs crystals, introduce an effective method to passivate their surfaces with capping layers,a nd thus open aw ay to further explore the functionality of these materials towardd evices.Several transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as TiSe 2 ,NbSe 2 and TaS 2 ,are known to exhibit two fundamental low-temperature ground states in bulk crystals:t he charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity,which have been extensively studied for decades. [1] In the last two years,t wodimensional (2D) TiSe 2 ,N bSe 2 ,a nd TaS 2 have attracted intensive interest in condensed-state physics for exploring their complex many-body electronic ground states at low dimensions. [2] Besides providing new insights into the fundamentals of superconductivity and CDW, [2] these 2D metallic TMDCs also show potential applications in advanced lowpower electronics,e specially for 2D TiSe 2 which allows for tuning the phase transitions over ab road range of temperatures by applying gate voltage. [2a] However,e xperimental studies on these metallic 2D TMDCs are still very limited, compared with semiconducting 2D TMDCs,such as MoS 2 and WSe 2 ,m ainly due to the challenges of preserving their pristine properties as these metallic thin flakes undergo rapid oxidations upon exposure to air. [2d,3] 2D black phosphorus (BP) is known to degrade easily under ambient conditions, and great efforts have been made on understanding its oxidation details, [4] which provides important insights into the protection of 2D BP to preserve its intrinsic properties for device applications. [5] Actually,m etallic TMDCs show even higher oxidation tendency than BP under ambient conditions. However,t odate, the oxidation mechanism of these 2D metallic TMDCs is still unknown and the effects of oxidation on their CDW/superconductivity phase transitions are also unexplored.Herein, we explore the oxidation behavior, mechanism, and protection of 2D metallic transition metal diselenides with 1T-TiSe 2 as an example,w hich is one of the most extensively studied CDW-bearing TMDCs. [6] We demonstrated that CDWp hase transitions in 2D TiSe 2 were gradually suppressed in the progress of surface oxidation. We tracked the evolution of the morphology,s tructure,a nd composition of 2D TiSe 2 during oxidation by combining several surface analysis tools with atomically resolved microscopic imaging and...

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Studies of 1T TiS2 by STM, AFM and XPS: the mechanism of hydrolysis in air

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

Low‐Cost TiS₂ as Hole‐Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Cost TiS₂ as Hole‐Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

Low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of S-doped TiO2 with visible light photocatalytic activity

Suppression of the Charge Density Wave State in Two‐Dimensional 1T‐TiSe₂ by Atmospheric Oxidation

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Studies of 1T TiS2 by STM, AFM and XPS: the mechanism of hydrolysis in air

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

Low‐Cost TiS2 as Hole‐Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Cost TiS2 as Hole‐Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

Low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of S-doped TiO2 with visible light photocatalytic activity

Suppression of the Charge Density Wave State in Two‐Dimensional 1T‐TiSe2 by Atmospheric Oxidation

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Low‐Cost TiS₂ as Hole‐Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Cost TiS₂ as Hole‐Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

Suppression of the Charge Density Wave State in Two‐Dimensional 1T‐TiSe₂ by Atmospheric Oxidation