Studies of alveolar cell morphometry and mass clearance in the rat lung following inhalation of an enriched uranium dioxide aerosol

Morris, Keith; Townsend, K. M. S.; Batchelor, A.L.

doi:10.1007/bf01210298

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Uranium (U) in CSF was, using the 1SD criterion, found in 47% of cases and not found in controls. Adverse health effects of U involve combined chemical and radiological mechanisms with chemical toxicity being most important (Morris et al 1989).…”

Section: Individual Metals and Links To Als-like Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Roos

Vesterberg

Syversen

et al. 2012

Biol Trace Elem Res

154

114

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The cause of this degeneration is unknown, and different causal hypotheses include genetic, viral, traumatic and environmental mechanisms. In this study, we have analyzed metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma in a well-defined cohort (n = 17) of ALS patients diagnosed with quantitative electromyography. Metal analyses were performed with high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Statistically significant higher concentrations of manganese, aluminium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, zinc, lead, vanadium and uranium were found in ALS CSF compared to control CSF. We also report higher concentrations of these metals in ALS CSF than in ALS blood plasma, which indicate mechanisms of accumulation, e.g. inward directed transport. A pattern of multiple toxic metals is seen in ALS CSF. The results support the hypothesis that metals with neurotoxic effects are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS.

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Section: Individual Metals and Links To Als-like Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Roos

Vesterberg

Syversen

et al. 2012

Biol Trace Elem Res

154

114

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“…Pour l'UNat et l'UA, auxquels la population générale peut être exposée par ingestion du fait de leurs présences dans l'environnement, la toxicité chimique est prépondérante (Craft et al, 2004 ;Sztajnkrycer et Otten, 2004) et s'exerce principalement au niveau des reins. À l'inverse, la toxicité radiologique de l'uranium devient plus importante pour les formes enrichies en isotope 235 (supérieure à 3 %); elle concerne uniquement les travailleurs du nucléaire et se manifeste au niveau des poumons, des os, des reins et du foie selon les voies d'entrées et la transférabilité du composé (Filippova et al, 1978 ;Morris et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Données nouvelles sur la néphrotoxicité de l’uranium

Guéguen

Rouas

2012

Radioprotection

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RÉSUMÉL'uranium est un radioélément ainsi qu'un métal lourd auquel l'homme peut être exposé du fait de sa présence dans l'environnement ou des activités humaines. Il exerce principalement une toxicité chimique au niveau du tubule contourné proximal du rein après exposition aiguë ou chronique. Après exposition à une forte dose d'uranium, la néphrite tubulaire aiguë est révélée par une protéinurie ainsi qu'une diminution du débit de filtration glomérulaire. Plus récemment, l'utilisation de marqueurs d'intégrité tissulaire telle que la béta 2-microglobuline ou des enzymes tissulaires a pu être corrélée aux altérations histopathologiques des tubules contournés proximaux. Lors d'exposition chronique à de faible niveau, l'utilisation de marqueurs plus spécifiques et plus sensibles s'avère nécessaire lorsque les lésions sont faibles. Des études expérimentales développées au laboratoire ont montré la pertinence de certains de ces biomarqueurs tel que Kim-1 pour détecter de faibles altérations rénales. L'uranium exerce sa cytotoxicité au niveau des cellules épithéliales des tubules contournés proximaux probablement du fait de son entrée dans la cellule où il s'accumule préférentiellement dans le noyau cellulaire, lorsqu'il n'est pas sous forme de précipités. Les mécanismes conduisant à la mort des cellules ne sont pas encore totalement élucidés mais le stress oxydant semble y jouer un rôle important. ABSTRACT New data on uranium nephrotoxicity.Uranium is an element and also a heavy metal to which humans can be exposed due to its natural presence or human activities. It has mainly a chemical toxicity on the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney after acute or chronic exposure. At high dose exposure, acute tubular nephritis is observed, as indicated by proteinuria and a decreased glomerular filtration rate. More recently, the use of structural biomarkers such as beta 2-microglobuline or tubular enzymes has been correlated with histopathological injury of the proximal convoluted tubules. During chronic exposure at a low level, the use of some of these sensitive and specific biomarkers would be necessary, particularly when the injury is slight. Recent experimental studies in the laboratory have shown the relevance of such new biomarkers as Kim-1 to detect slight renal injury. Uranium exerts its toxicity on epithelial tubular cells in which it accumulates mainly in the nucleus when it is not precipitated. The mechanisms leading to cell death are not totally elucidated but oxidative stress seems to play an important role.

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“…High mass burden, radioactivity, and chemical toxicity may all contribute to the reduced mass clearance. Cytotoxicity may affect cells’ functions in the alveolar region, thus reducing the efficiency of alveolar macrophages to clear UO 2 particles in the lung [ 58 ].…”

Section: Inhalation Damage Of Particulate Uraniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Particulate Uranium Exposure

Zhang

Chu

Xia

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Uranium contamination has become a nonnegligible global health problem. Inhalation of particulate uranium is one of the predominant routes of occupational and environmental exposure. Uranium particle is a complex two-phase flow of matter that is both particulate and flowable. This particular physicochemical property may alter its biological activity. Epidemiological studies from occupationally exposed populations in the uranium industry have concluded that there is a possible association between lung cancer risk and uranium exposure, while the evidence for the risk of other tumors is not sufficient. The toxicological effects of particulate uranium exposure to animals have been shown in laboratory tests to focus on respiratory and central nervous system damage. Fibrosis and tumors can occur in the lung tissue of the respiratory tract. Uranium particles can also induce a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity, targeting mitochondria. The understanding of the health risks and potential toxicological mechanisms of particulate uranium contamination is still at a preliminary stage. The diversity of particle parameters has limited the in-depth exploration. This review summarizes the current evidence on the toxicology of particulate uranium and highlights the knowledge gaps and research prospects.

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Studies of alveolar cell morphometry and mass clearance in the rat lung following inhalation of an enriched uranium dioxide aerosol

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Metal Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Metal Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Données nouvelles sur la néphrotoxicité de l’uranium

Health Effects of Particulate Uranium Exposure

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