Studies of Development in Long Shoots and Short Shoots of Ginkgo Biloba L. I. The Origin and Pattern of Development of the Cortex, Pith and Procambium

Gunckel, James E.; Wetmore, Ralph H.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1946.tb10377.x

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It does emphasize, however, that the growth and development of internodes, and the shoot as a whole, is a highly organized and integrated process involving continued cell divisions followed by subsequent elongation of cells. That this is true, is substantiated by previous observations that the inhibition of cell division in the pith and cortical rib-meristems of developing internodes results in the short shoot habit of growth where leaf development proceeds with little or no internodal elongation (Gunckel and Wetmore, 1946;Sachs, Bretz, and Lang, 1959;Zimmermann and Brown, 1971, pp. 25-26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Shoot Growth and Histogenesis of Trees Possessing Diverse Patterns of Shoot Development

Brown

Sommer

1992

American Journal of Botany

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Shoot Growth and Histogenesis of Trees Possessing Diverse Patterns of Shoot Development

Brown

Sommer

1992

American Journal of Botany

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“…2b); they are not preformed, but instead differentiate as the shoot elongates (Critchfield, 1970). Because of its taxonomic status, unique morphological characteristics and medicinal properties, researchers have had a keen interest in G. biloba for decades (Foster, 1938;Gunckel & Wetmore, 1946;Arnott, 1959;Critchfield, 1970;Del Tredici et al, 1992;Royer et al, 2003;Del Tredici, 2007;Bornhoeft et al, 2008;Boyce, 2009). However, G. biloba has rarely been studied from a functional viewpoint and virtually nothing is known about the physiological significance of its distinct leaf types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and hydraulic correlates of heterophylly in Ginkgo biloba

et al. 2010

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Summary• This study investigates the functional significance of heterophylly in Ginkgo biloba, where leaves borne on short shoots are ontogenetically distinct from those on long shoots. Short shoots are compact, with minimal internodal elongation; their leaves are supplied with water through mature branches. Long shoots extend the canopy and have significant internodal elongation; their expanding leaves receive water from a shoot that is itself maturing.• Morphology, stomatal traits, hydraulic architecture, Huber values, water transport efficiency, in situ gas exchange and laboratory-based steady-state hydraulic conductance were examined for each leaf type.• Both structure and physiology differed markedly between the two leaf types. Short-shoot leaves were thinner and had higher vein density, lower stomatal pore index, smaller bundle sheath extensions and lower hydraulic conductance than long-shoot leaves. Long shoots had lower xylem area : leaf area ratios than short shoots during leaf expansion, but this ratio was reversed at shoot maturity. Longshoot leaves had higher rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration than short-shoot leaves.• We propose that structural differences between the two G. biloba leaf types reflect greater hydraulic limitation of long-shoot leaves during expansion. In turn, differences in physiological performance of short-and long-shoot leaves correspond to their distinct ontogeny and architecture.

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“…In many cases, the procambial bundles can differentiate before the appearance of the leaf primordia (Gunckel and Wetmore 1946;Sterling 1945Sterling , 1947 yet in others, the bundles differentiate either at the time that first periclinal divisions appear, just after that time, or when the leaf primordia have attained a certain length (Boureau 1954). As for the characteristics of differentiation in the form of vascular bundles, there are species differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of vascular differentiation in leaf primordia during the rhythmic growth of Gnetum africanum

Mialoundama¹,

Paulet²

1986

Can. J. Bot.

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The growth of the principal axis of Gnetum africanum Welw. is achieved by successive growth and rest periods. During the phase of growth arrest, the terminal bud produces a single pair of leaf primordia containing no vascular tissue whereas observation of the terminal bud of the vinelike stem reveals that the oldest of the leaf primordia do contain vascular tissue before emerging. The differentiation of vascular bundles in the leaf primordia of the principal axis begins only with the return of the growth period during which time new young leaves are formed. The rhythm of formation of the leaves and their vascularization can be accelerated by removal of the young leaves. A prolonged exogenous treatment with abscisic acid after removal of the young leaves reestablishes the inhibition and prevents initiation of vascularization. It seems, therefore, that in the principal axis young leaves inhibit vascular differentiation of the leaf primordia, which may partly explain the inhibition of growth.

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Studies of Development in Long Shoots and Short Shoots of Ginkgo Biloba L. I. The Origin and Pattern of Development of the Cortex, Pith and Procambium

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Shoot Growth and Histogenesis of Trees Possessing Diverse Patterns of Shoot Development

Shoot Growth and Histogenesis of Trees Possessing Diverse Patterns of Shoot Development

Structural and hydraulic correlates of heterophylly in Ginkgo biloba

Regulation of vascular differentiation in leaf primordia during the rhythmic growth of Gnetum africanum

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