Studies of Mosquito and Other Biting-Insect Problems in Alaska

Travis, B. V.

doi:10.1093/jee/42.3.451

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Activity is positively correlated with temperature (17,80,82,198), with activity suppressed at temperatures lower than 10Њ C for C. variipennis (133) and 18Њ C for C. brevitarsis (128). Even species living in the cold environment of Alaska face lower limits to activity of about 12Њ C (189). Upper temperature limits to activity exist as well: C. variipennis is inactive at temperatures greater than 32Њ C (133) and C. furens and C. barbosai are less active at temperatures greater than 24Њ C (79).…”

Section: Activity Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CulicoidesBiting Midges: Their Role as Arbovirus Vectors

Mellor

Boorman

Baylis

2000

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

909

871

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Culicoides biting midges are among the most abundant of haematophagous insects, and occur throughout most of the inhabited world. Across this broad range they transmit a great number of assorted pathogens of human, and domestic and wild animals, but it is as vectors of arboviruses, and particularly arboviruses of domestic livestock, that they achieve their prime importance. To date, more than 50 such viruses have been isolated from Culicoides spp. and some of these cause diseases of such international significance that they have been allocated Office International des Epizooties (OIE) List A status. Culicoides are world players in the epidemiology of many important arboviral diseases. In this context this paper deals with those aspects of midge biology facilitating disease transmission, describes the factors controlling insect-virus interactions at the individual insect and population level, and illustrates the far-reaching effects that certain components of climate have upon the midges and, hence, transmission potential.

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Section: Activity Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CulicoidesBiting Midges: Their Role as Arbovirus Vectors

Mellor

Boorman

Baylis

2000

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

909

871

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“…Bedford et al (1968), Burdick et al (1968), Kapoor et al (1970), Merna et al (1972), and Fredeen et al (in press) have shown in laboratory and field tests that residues of methoxychlor and its metabolites are not concentrated in fish or other aquatic organisms with the exception of snails and mussels. Travis (1949) noted that methoxychlor was about as effective a black fly larvicide as DDT. However, DDT was favoured for many years after 1949 partly because it was relatively cheap.…”

Section: March 1974mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests With Single Injections of Methoxychlor Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Larvicides in Large Rivers

Fredeen

1974

Can Entomol

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Single 15-min injections of 0.18 to 0.24 p.p.m. of methoxychlor as an emulsifiable concentrate into the Saskatchewan River removed 75 to 99% of the larvae of Simulium arcticum Mall. from 23 to 34 km sections of the river. Stronger concentrations (0.30 to 0.31 p.p.m.) eliminated about 98% of the larvae from rapids 64 km distant and an estimated 46% at a distance of 139 km. Other kinds of aquatic larvae in exposed sites were also affected: Plecoptera to about the same degree as the Simuliidae, followed by Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Chironomidae (least affected). Larvae in sand were not affected. Populations of Chironomidae, Trichoptera, and Ephemeroptera in many sites were completely restored within 7 to 14 days after a single treatment. Fish were apparently unharmed. Residues were negligible and short lived.Potential outbreaks of S. arcticum were averted by all of the experimental injections of methoxychlor except that of 26 May 1970. In this test an outbreak that killed four animals occurred because a 15-min, 0.207 p.p.m. dosage eliminated only about 23% of the black fly larvae in an adjacent portion of the river.

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“…Such an instance is given by isobomyl morpholinoacetate, which has proved to be outstanding in durability as an anti-mosquito clothing impregnant. * Another vapour repellent of the first class is the moderately volatile n-hexyl mandelate, which proved to be the most effective clothing impregnant against Aedes in Alaska (Travis, 1949). Both n-hexyl mandelate and n-hexyl diethylene glycol monoether gave exceptionally long protection when impregnated in stockings and uniforms and tested against Aedes at Churchill on Hudson Bay (H. F. Cross & others, Interim Rep. Surg.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Responses of the Female Aëdes Mosquito. Part II.—The Action of Liquid Repellent Compounds

Sarkaria¹,

Brown²

1951

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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A number of liquid mosquito repellents were assessed for vapour repellency power in an olfactometer mounted in a very large cage filled with females of Aëdes aegypti. They were also tested for their knockdown power in fumigation bottles. Their vapour pressures were determined by the Ramsay-Young method.All the liquids showed vapour repellency, and in 39 out of the 42 tested this effect was highly significant. The highest vapour repellency ratings were shown by compounds already known to be the most effective repellents.Although the more volatile compounds such as citronellal tend to show the highest repellency ratings, nevertheless compounds of low vapour pressure such as indalone, DMP and isobornyl morpholinoacetate may also show high vapour repellency. It is concluded that vapour repellency, although in the first instance dependent upon volatility, can vary independently of vapour pressure, so that compounds may be found which afford not only a long protection period due to their nonvolatility, but also a high vapour repellency due to the potency of the comparatively few molecules that are volatilised.The vapours of most of the repellents were found to induce knockdown of mosquitos, but there was no correlation between the speed of this process and the vapour repellency of the compounds.

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Studies of Mosquito and Other Biting-Insect Problems in Alaska

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

CulicoidesBiting Midges: Their Role as Arbovirus Vectors

CulicoidesBiting Midges: Their Role as Arbovirus Vectors

Tests With Single Injections of Methoxychlor Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Larvicides in Large Rivers

Studies on the Responses of the Female Aëdes Mosquito. Part II.—The Action of Liquid Repellent Compounds

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