Studies of Mosquito Repellents, I. Test Procedure and Method of Evaluating Test Data1

Granett, Philip

doi:10.1093/jee/33.3.563

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The protection period was measured on the basis of the concept "time until the first bite". 33 Repellence tests were carried out between 09.00 and 17.00 h against 3−5 days old, disease-free, blood-starved but sucrose-fed (0.5 M solution) nulliparous female mosquitoes of A. aegypti drawn from an established laboratory colony maintained at 27 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH, and a 12:12 h light/day cycle. The light intensity was regulated at 300−500 lux.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect-Repellent and Mosquitocidal Effects of Noreremophilane- and Nardoaristolone-Based Compounds

et al. 2019

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Here, we disclose novel mosquito-repellent synthetic hydrindanes based on noreremophilanes and nardoaristolone B which show increased activity against adult females of Aedes aegypti. The noreremophilanes and nardoaristolone B with hydrindane skeleton are structurally related to nootkatone with decalin skeleton, a well-studied natural product extracted from a grape fruit. Out of our library of compounds synthesized based on the noreremophilanes and nardoaristolone B scaffolds, NDS-100598 (compound 20) exhibits higher repellent and knock-down effects at a very low concentration (0.25 mg/cm2), while a few analogues showed considerably enhanced activity compared to racemic nootkatone. This is the first report documenting insect-repellent and knock-down activity of the noreremophilanes class of compounds.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti. The protection period was measured on the basis of the concept “time until the first bite” . Repellence tests were carried out between 09.00 and 17.00 h against 3–5 days old, disease-free, blood-starved but sucrose-fed (0.5 M solution) nulliparous female mosquitoes of A.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect-Repellent and Mosquitocidal Effects of Noreremophilane- and Nardoaristolone-Based Compounds

et al. 2019

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“…aegypti on the basis of protection time (min) using established methods . The protection time was measured on the basis of the concept of “time until the first bite” . Adult nulliparous females of A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel Series of Potent Organosilicon Mosquito Repellents

et al. 2021

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Mosquito control by personal protection is one of the most efficient ways of curtailing deadly diseases such as malaria and dengue with the potential to save millions of lives per year. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzamide) is currently considered as the gold standard for mosquito repellents, being used for the past several decades. Control by DEET, however, is being threatened by emerging resistance among mosquitoes. To address this concern and also to improve protection times, we synthesized a novel series of 25 silicon-containing acyl piperidines using acid−amine coupling protocol and tested their activity against Aedes aegypti in mosquito-repellent assays. Several compounds from this series appear to possess good mosquito-repellent properties. Most notably, at 0.5 mg/cm 2 concentrations, the mean protection time for NDS100100 was 756 min, which was higher than that of DEET (616 min). The details of design, synthesis, and biological evaluation are discussed herein.

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“…Estimation of repellency is usually based on comparison between the number of bites on a treated versus an untreated forearm or leg exposed to mosquitoes for a finite period (Granett 1940). The repellent efficacy of a product is estimated as the rate of bites per minute or the time required to obtain the first bite (protection time) on an individual from a test population of mosquitoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Vitro Assay for Testing Mosquito Repellents Employing a Warm Body and Carbon Dioxide as a Behavioral Activator

Kröber

Kessler

Frei

et al. 2010

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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We describe here an in vitro behavioral assay for testing mosquito repellents applied in a dose-based manner to a warm body (34 degrees C) in test cages. The system was used to assess the sensitivity of 4-6-day-old Anopheles gambiae to the insect repellent diethyl methyl benzamide (deet). These tests were made in the absence and presence of additional carbon dioxide (CO2) applied as a pulse to activate mosquitoes in the cages. In the absence of the CO2 pulse the mosquitoes hardly responded to the warm body. Increasing the CO2 level in the cage by 1,000 parts per million caused a 25-fold increase in the number of landings by mosquitoes on the warm body in 2-min tests. This mosquito activation allowed the measurement of a significant reduction in the number of landings to bite on the warm body with increasing doses of deet (0.4 to 3.8 microg/cm2). An asymptotic nonlinear model fitted to the repellency data in the presence of CO2 allowed estimation of the effective dose of deet that reduced landings to bite by 50% (ED50) at 0.95 microg/cm2 (5 nmol/cm2) and the corresponding ED95 at 4.12 microg/cm2 (21.5 nmol/cm2). This in vitro bioassay has the advantage of permitting a fast throughput of test products under standardized conditions and is suitable for screenings designed for the purpose of discovering lead products with as yet unknown human toxicological and dermatological profiles.

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Studies of Mosquito Repellents, I. Test Procedure and Method of Evaluating Test Data1

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Insect-Repellent and Mosquitocidal Effects of Noreremophilane- and Nardoaristolone-Based Compounds

Insect-Repellent and Mosquitocidal Effects of Noreremophilane- and Nardoaristolone-Based Compounds

Identification of a Novel Series of Potent Organosilicon Mosquito Repellents

An In Vitro Assay for Testing Mosquito Repellents Employing a Warm Body and Carbon Dioxide as a Behavioral Activator

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