Studies of single-step electrodeposition of CuInSe2 thin films with sodium citrate as a complexing agent

Whang, Thou Jen; Hsieh, Mu Tao; Kao, Ya Chun

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.08.072

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In chalcogenide thin film solar cell fabrication, post-deposition annealing is one of the important steps which optimize compositional profile, structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of devices. In CuInSe 2 (CIS) and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells, a postdeposition selenization at an appropriate temperature is performed to adjust the film stoichiometry and to achieve recrystallization [20,21]. In the case of CdTe, vapor chloride annealing is a routine step to promote grain growth, and activate the junction [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of annealing on structural, optical and electrical properties of pulse electrodeposited tin sulfide films

Mathews

Garcia

Torres

2013

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of annealing on structural, optical and electrical properties of pulse electrodeposited tin sulfide films

Mathews

Garcia

Torres

2013

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing

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“…Whang et al studied the influence of complexing agents on the reduction potentials for the one-step electrodeposition of CuInSe 2 . 151,152) They analyzed cyclic voltammograms of individual metal ions and mixtures of Cu 2+ , In 3+ , and Se 4+ , using triethanolamine and citrate as complexing agents, and without any complexing agent. They concluded that the application of citrate as a complexing agent in the electrodeposition of CuInSe 2 provided a feasible environment.…”

Section: Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Fabricated Alloys and Semiconductors Containing Indium

Chung¹,

Lee²

2012

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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Although indium (In) is not an abundant element, the use of indium is expected to grow, especially as applied to copper-indium-(gallium)-selenide (CI(G)S) solar cells. In future when CIGS solar cells will be used extensively, the available amount of indium could be a limiting factor, unless a synthetic technique of efficiently utilizing the element is developed. Current vacuum techniques inherently produce a significant loss of In during the synthetic process, while electrodeposition exploits nearly 100% of the In, with little loss of the material. Thus, an electrochemical process will be the method of choice to produce alloys of In once the proper conditions are designed. In this review, we examine the electrochemical processes of electrodeposition in the synthesis of indium alloys. We focus on the conditions under which alloys are electrodeposited and on the factors that can affect the composition or properties of alloys. The knowledge is to facilitate the development of electrochemical means of efficiently using this relatively rare element to synthesize valuable materials, for applications such as solar cells and light-emitting devices.

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“…21 It is understood that Selenium and Copper will reduce first as opposed to that of Gallium and Indium, which have negative E cell values. In order to resolve the issue of reducing all four elements simultaneously, complexing agents such as Sodium Citrate, triethanolamine, tartaric acid, potassium thiocynate as well as citric acid [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been introduced to narrow the reduction potential gaps between the elements. Although there are several report on the nanocrystalline materials and films 28-37 utilized for photovoltaic applications, the CIGS-based nanostructures are not reported so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembled Hierarchical Nanostructures Composed of Novel Chalcopyrite Nanosheets for Photovoltaic Properties

Bamiduro¹,

Chennamadhava²,

Bowie³

et al. 2013

j. nanosci. nanotech.

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Self-assembled nanostructures of CulnGaSe2 (CIGS) comprising of nanosheets with sheet thickness of 20 nm have been developed via one-step electrochemically alloying technique. These self-assembled nanoplates exhibit highly intersecting behavior and transform from CuSe to CIGS as the reduction potential was varied. The morphological analysis indicated that the process resulted in a progression of crystallites to a series of heavy dense intersecting nanoplates. Further analyses revealed that the nanostructures keep their integrity on heat treatment. The structure confirms the inclusion of Indium and Gallium at higher reduction potentials and its transition from pseudoamorphous to polycrystalline structure. A strong correlation between reduction potential, and the composition was established. The spectroscopic and optical spectra clearly prove that the direct band gap for the as-grown and annealed thin films, and appropriate for solar cell applications. These self-assembled dense interweaved nanoplates structure have not been observed previously in CIGS semiconductor system and have potential implications forenergy applications.

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Studies of single-step electrodeposition of CuInSe2 thin films with sodium citrate as a complexing agent

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of annealing on structural, optical and electrical properties of pulse electrodeposited tin sulfide films

Effect of annealing on structural, optical and electrical properties of pulse electrodeposited tin sulfide films

Electrochemically Fabricated Alloys and Semiconductors Containing Indium

Self-Assembled Hierarchical Nanostructures Composed of Novel Chalcopyrite Nanosheets for Photovoltaic Properties

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