Studies of the Adaptation Phenomenon by Lambs Fed Urea as the Sole Nitrogen Source, Chemical Alterations in Ruminal and Blood Parameters

Rl, Ludwick; Jp, Fontenot; Re, Tucker

doi:10.2527/jas1972.3551036x

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The low concentration of plasma urea on the soya-bean meal diet has also been observed by Sharma & Ingalls (1973) and Ludwick, Fontenot & Tucker (1972). These findings confirm the results of other studies on calves that dietary protein source, as well as amount, affect plasma urea concentrations (Oltjen et al 1967;Boling, Young & Bradley, 1972;Young, Boling & Bradley, 1973).…”

Section: Blood Plasma Amino Acids and Ureasupporting

confidence: 88%

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Jacobs¹,

Leibholz

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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Semi-purified diets containing urea (diet A), uric acid (diet B) or soya-bean meal (diet C) as the sole source of nitrogen were fed to two Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae. Total collections of digesta leaving the abomasum were made over 24-h periods.The flow of organic matter to the duodenum expressed as a percentage of intake increased from 35-8% (diet A) and 40-6% (diet B) for the non-protein nitrogen diets to 58-3% for diet C. A greater proportion of the apparent digestion of organic matter occurred in the forestomachs of the calves when fed diets A or B than when they were fed diet C.The flow of nitrogen from the abomasum expressed as a percentage of intake showed a significant increase (P < 0-05) from 65-4% for diet A to 84-4% for diet B and 85-1% for diet C. When diets B and C were fed to the calves a greater proportion of the apparent digestion of nitrogen occurred in the hindgut than when they were fed diet A. The synthesis of microbial protein was 13-9 gand 13-0 g for every 100 g of organic matter digested in the stomach when the calves were fed diets B and C and only 10-9 g when the calves were fed diet A.A significantly (P < 0-05) greater proportion of dry matter of the digesta at the duodenum was composed of amino acids on diet C (19-5%) than diet A (16-1%) with the proportion of essential amino acids (especially threonine, lysine, histidine and arginine) also being greater. The amino acid composition of the digesta dry matter on diet B was intermediate (17-2%).From the data presented, it was predicted that cystine and histidine were the first limiting amino acids for growth when the calves were fed the non-protein nitrogen diets (A and B).

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Section: Blood Plasma Amino Acids and Ureasupporting

confidence: 88%

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Jacobs¹,

Leibholz

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Ludwick et al (1972) found that blood plasma levels of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine were significantly lower for urea-fed lambs (10OVo of the total N) compared with those fed soy protein. The same amino acids were previously reported to be lower in plasma when urea replaced protein (Little et al 1966; Oltjen and Putnam 1966;and Freitag et al 1968).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of Dietary Urea Level on Amino Acid Concentrations in Ruminant Tissues

Salem¹,

Devlin²,

Ingalls³

et al. 1973

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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of dietary urea level on amino acid concentrations in ruminant tissues. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 53: 717124.The efiects of a semipurified diet containing0 (0% urea-N diet), diet), or 100% (76% urea-N citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline were increased. Most of the essential amino acids were decreased on the 76% urea-N diet as compared with the O% urea-N diet. All amino acids of rumen microorganisms were increased on the 397o urea-N diet with the exception of arginine, lysine, and threonine, which decreased slightly or did not show any change. Most amino acids were lower on theT6Vo urea-N diet as compared with the 39Vo or 07o urea-N diets. All essential amino acids measured in the liver were reduced ontheT6Va urea-N diet. Cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, and valine were also reduced on tine 3996 urea-N diet. In rumen epithelium, there was a reduction of the essential amino acids and an increase of the nonessential amino acids on the 76% urea-N diet.Les auteurs ont 6tudi6 I'effet d'une ration semi-purifi6e contenant 0 (ration contenant

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“…Data from the present study provide at least presumptive evidence for the inclusion of serum proteins as transporters of amino acids. When taken in context with reports of decreased serum proteins and albumin in protein-deficient rats and humans (Hoffenberg et al, 1969) and similar effects noted for ruminants fed urea purified diets (Ludwick et al, 1972), the serum proteins may be acting as supplemental sources of amino acids to muscle tissue. The in vitro work of Penn (1960), which showed rapid catabolism of albumin following cellular uptake due to mitochondrial lysosomes, coupled with Schimke's (1977) theory on increased activity of cellular lysosomes in nutritional stress situations, supports the results observed in the present study for serum protein amino acid tissue exchange.…”

Section: Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Transport and Hindlimb Exchange of Peptide and Serum Protein Amino Acids in Calves Fed Soy- or Urea-Based Purified Diets2

Danilson

Webb

Herbein

1987

Journal of Animal Science

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Holstein steer calves (130 kg) were used to monitor venoarterial concentration differences of plasma peptide and serum protein amino acids across the hindlimbs. Calves were fed purified diets containing soy protein or urea as the sole source of dietary N. Twenty-four hourly feedings per day were imposed to promote "steady-state" metabolism. Negative venoarterial differences of glutamic acid (P less than .10), valine (P less than .10), lysine (P less than .05) and histidine (P less than .01) were observed in soy-fed calves and isoleucine (P less than .10) in urea-fed calves from the peptide fraction. Negative venoarterial differences of amino acids from the peptide fraction were generally similar for the two dietary treatments, except for glutamic acid (P less than .01). A large negative venoarterial difference of glutamic acid was observed when soy protein was fed and, conversely, a large positive venoarterial difference was observed when urea was fed. Two groups of serum proteins were evaluated: fraction I (primarily globulins) and fraction II (primarily albumin). Hindlimb amino acid venoarterial concentration differences for soy-fed calves were inconsistent and nonsignificant for both fractions I and II. Conversely, hindlimb negative venoarterial concentration differences in urea-fed calves for both fractions I and II were large and statistically significant for many amino acids. Fraction II venoarterial differences were much greater than differences observed in fraction I. Soy and urea treatment differences were also much more pronounced in fraction II, being statistically significant for 8 of 17 amino acids. These data indicate venoarterial concentration differences of serum protein amino acids that react differently to varied nutritional regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Studies of the Adaptation Phenomenon by Lambs Fed Urea as the Sole Nitrogen Source, Chemical Alterations in Ruminal and Blood Parameters

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen and amino acids in calves fed semi-purified diets containing urea, uric acid or soya-bean meal

Effects of Dietary Urea Level on Amino Acid Concentrations in Ruminant Tissues

Transport and Hindlimb Exchange of Peptide and Serum Protein Amino Acids in Calves Fed Soy- or Urea-Based Purified Diets2

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