Studies of the Chick Edema Disease

Flick, D. F.; O'Dell, R. G.; Childs, Virginia A.

doi:10.3382/ps.0441460

Cited by 77 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…These include, alimentary toxaemia (Sanger et al, 1958), myocarditis (Hall and Machicao, 1968), chick oedema disease, endotheliosis, hydropericardial disease, oedema, toxopathic hepatitis, water belly (Hungerford, 1969), ascites, avian oedema, congestive heart failure, toxic heart disease, toxic lipidiosis (Agudelo, 1983) and altitude disease (Huchzermeyer, 1984). Some haematological parameters have been examined in spontaneously-or experimentally-induced ascites in chicks (Flick et al, 1965;Hall and Machicao, 1968;Cueva et al, 1974;Lohr, 1975;Sillau et al, 1980;Agudelo, 1983) and there have been many pathological studies (Sanger et al, 1958;Simpson et al, 1959;McCune et al, 1962;Allen, 1964;Olander et al, 1967;Hall and Machicao, 1968;Teuscher et al, 1971;Cueva et al, 1974;Lohr, 1975Lohr, ,1977Bergmann et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on an ascitic syndrome in young broilers 1. haematology and pathology

1986

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SUMMARYIn the present investigation, the haematology and pathology of young broiler chicks with an ascitic syndrome were examined. Gross changes included cardiomegaly, ascites, congested lungs, shrunken livers, enlarged kidneys, dark breast muscle and congested intestines. Many blood parameters were significantly raised including the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), red (Rbc) and white blood cell (Wbc) counts. The heterophils and monocytes were also increased at the expense of the lymphocytes compared with control birds. The histopathology revealed degenerative changes in all organs examined which resembled lesions reported elsewhere in birds maintained at high altitude. In addition, large numbers of infiltrating leukocytes, in particular heterophils, were also present in the tissues. In many cases the syndrome was characterised by congestive heart failure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on an ascitic syndrome in young broilers 1. haematology and pathology

1986

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“…Feeding of PCBs to chickens resulted in small spleens (6,11). Lymphopenia, atrophy of the cortex of the thymus, and a reduction in the number of germinal centers in spleen and lymph nodes was found in rabbits (14).…”

Section: Other Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenesis of the edema formation is discussed by Flick and coworkers (6). The primary site of the edema causing factor could be the heart by increasing the permeability of the vascular bed, leading to cardiac congestion.…”

Section: Edema Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies were started because of the analogy between the effects of the PCBs (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and some toxic effects associated with toxic factors in crude chlorophenols and in "toxic fat". Effects of the latter are liver damage (7), chloracne (7,8) and edema formation (9 toxicity of three commercial PCB samples (containing 60% chlorine on the average): Phenoclor DP6 (sample I), Clophen A60 (sample II) and Aroclor 1260 (sample III).…”

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Toxicology of PCBs for Mammals and for Birds

Vos¹

1972

Environmental Health Perspectives

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IntroductonIn the early days of its use, little work was done on the toxicology of the PCBs, and this was only in relation to the risks of occupational exposure. As will be shown many more studies were made as soon as it appeared that the extremely stable PCB's became a threat to the environment and its wildlife, and accidents occurred of acute poisoning in man and animals. These studies have been made with material with different contents of chlorine, from different manufacture, and-as we can now say in retrospect-with different and unknown contents of toxic impurities. For this reason the toxicological information of PCB's is difficult to summarize, but since the character of some important impurities has recently been elucidated, it is well to discuss these first in order to be able to consider their contribution to the overall toxicity of the different preparations studied.These studies were started because of the analogy between the effects of the PCBs (1-6) and some toxic effects associated with toxic factors in crude chlorophenols and in "toxic fat". Effects of the latter are liver damage (7), chloracne (7,8) and edema formation (9).

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“…Feeding of PCB to chicks resulted in small spleens (Flick et al, 1965) showing atrophy of the lymphoid tissue . Lymphopenia, atrophy of the cortex of the thymus and a reduction in the number of the germinal centers in the spleens and 0 1972 by Academic Press, Inc.…”

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confidence: 99%