1989
DOI: 10.1159/000125141
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Studies of the Secretion of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Arginine Vasopressin into the Hypophysial-Portal Circulation of the Conscious Sheep

Abstract: Studies were undertaken to characterize the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the conscious sheep. In addition, we examined the temporal relationship between the secretion of these two hypothalamic peptides and the secretion of three pro-opiomelanocortin peptides – adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), ir-β-endorphin, and ir-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone – and cortisol and determined the effects of an audiovisual emotion… Show more

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Cited by 230 publications
(132 citation statements)
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“…The procedures to collect portal blood for analysis of CRH and VP present some technical challenges, especially in rodents, in which the use of anesthetics and problems with possible contamination of portal blood with peptides in the pituitary stalk make data on the effects of stress difficult to interpret (Antoni et al, 1990;Plotsky, 1988;Tannahill et al, 1991). Studies in sheep and horse have shown rapid and equal elevations in CRH and VP in the pituitary portal circulation following stress (Alexander et al, 1994;Alexander et al, 1997;Battaglia et al, 1998;Engler et al, 1989). The same studies in sheep show that some stressors, such as ketamine anesthesia, cause selective increases in VP (Engler et al, 1989).…”
Section: Preferential Vasopressin Expression During Chronic Stressmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The procedures to collect portal blood for analysis of CRH and VP present some technical challenges, especially in rodents, in which the use of anesthetics and problems with possible contamination of portal blood with peptides in the pituitary stalk make data on the effects of stress difficult to interpret (Antoni et al, 1990;Plotsky, 1988;Tannahill et al, 1991). Studies in sheep and horse have shown rapid and equal elevations in CRH and VP in the pituitary portal circulation following stress (Alexander et al, 1994;Alexander et al, 1997;Battaglia et al, 1998;Engler et al, 1989). The same studies in sheep show that some stressors, such as ketamine anesthesia, cause selective increases in VP (Engler et al, 1989).…”
Section: Preferential Vasopressin Expression During Chronic Stressmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies in sheep and horse have shown rapid and equal elevations in CRH and VP in the pituitary portal circulation following stress (Alexander et al, 1994;Alexander et al, 1997;Battaglia et al, 1998;Engler et al, 1989). The same studies in sheep show that some stressors, such as ketamine anesthesia, cause selective increases in VP (Engler et al, 1989). However, no information is available on changes in immunoreactive peptides in the pituitary portal circulation during chronic stress.…”
Section: Preferential Vasopressin Expression During Chronic Stressmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, this approach requires acute anesthesia and surgery, thus precluding studies of the axis in a basal state or of examining the effects of emotional stressors on function. Alternative approaches, including transnasal collection of hypophysial-portal blood from the awake sheep (8,9) and peripheral sampling in a variety of species (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) have been attempted. In the present study, we have critically evaluated the validity of peripheral irCRF-41 measurements as an index of hypothalamic secretory activity by comparing peripheral and hypophysial-portal plasma irCRF-41 concentrations under a variety of conditions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ability to measure immunoreactive (ir) CRF-41 levels in the relatively unperturbed subject would be of general and clinical utility. However, the relative inaccessibility of this specialized vascular link in species other than the sheep (8,9) prevents direct determination of irCRF-41 secretory profiles in the circulation at this level in the unanesthetized, ambulatory animal. Several laboratories have reported the presence of irCRF-41 in human or rat peripheral plasma (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[34] In nonstressful situations, both CRH and AVP are secreted in the portal system in a circadian and highly concordant pulsatile fashion. [35][36][37][38][39][40] The amplitude of the CRH and AVP pulses increases in the early morning, resulting eventually in increases in the amplitude and apparent frequency of ACTH and in cortisol secretory bursts in the general circulation. The circadian release of CRH, AVP, ACTH, and cortisol in their characteristic pulsatile manner appears to be controlled by one or more pacemakers, whose location in humans is not known.…”
Section: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axismentioning
confidence: 99%