Studies on Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive and Antipyretic Activities of Ethanol Extract of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Leaves

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of the crude ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaves on experimental animal model at three different dose level- 1g/kg, 500 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. For evaluation of the anti-inflammatory property carrageenan induced paw edema served as acute model and cotton pellet induced granuloma formation served as chronic model in rats. The acetic acid induced writhing response and hot plate test were used to assess antinociceptive activity in mice. The antipyretic activity was evaluated on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Acute toxicity test was also performed in rats after administration of the extract orally at high dose level (4g/kg). Oral administration of the ethanol extract of A. indica leaves significantly (P&lt;0.05) suppressed the paw edema induced by carrageenan as well as granulomatous tissue formation induced by cotton pellet in rats at high dose level (1g/kg) but no significant effect was observed at 500 mg/kg and 250mg/kg dose level. In addition, ethanol extract obtained from A. indica leaves (1g/ kg) also significantly (P&lt;0.05) attenuated the acetic acid induced writhing response in mice but did not show any significant protective effect on heat induced pain in mice. A significant antipyretic effect (P&lt; 0.05) was noticed with ethanol leaf extract of A. indica leaves at 1g/kg and 500 mg/kg dose level. In acute toxicity study, no mortality was observed at 4 g/kg dose level. The present study also demonstrates the potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaves, which supports the claims by the traditional medicine practitioners. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, Azadirachta indica DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3672 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 199-206, 2009

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Ocimum sanctum: a comparative study using animal models

“…Rat paw edema induced by carrageenan 13 1 hr after oral administration of drugs, acute inflammation was produced by sub plantar injection of 0.1 ml of freshly prepared 1% (w/v) suspension of carrageenan in normal saline in all the animals. The paw volumes were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hrs after carrageenan injection using mercury plethysmograph (INCO Chennai) by noting the displacement of mercury when the paw is dipped in mercury column up to a predetermined mark on the paw.…”

Toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark in male Wistar rats

“…The species is presently being cultivated worldwide because of its ability to adapt to different climatic conditions. Biological and pharmacological activities attributed to solvent extracts and products like oil from the different parts of the A. indica are as diverse as antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, larvicidal, fungicidal, antiulcer, spermicidal, anthelminthic, antidiabetic, anti-implantation, immunomodulating, molluscicidal, nematicidal, immunocontraceptive, insecticidal and antifeedant [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . Furthermore, the bark of neem tree is known to possess tannins, phenolic compounds (salicylic acid and gallocatechin) which have been reported to be the anti-inflammatory principles [4] .…”

Harnessing the Phytotherapeutic Treasure Troves of the Ancient Medicinal Plant Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Associated Endophytic Microorganisms

“…Furthermore, the ethanol extract obtained from A. indica leaves (1 g/ kg w/w) showed significant antinociceptive effect by inhibition of abdominal writhes produced by acetic acid. A. indica extract also showed statistically significant antipyretic effect (p < 0.05) at 1 g/ kg and 500 mg/kg dose level on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats [211].…”

“…In another study, the effect of aqueous extract of neem leaves (400 mg/kg body weight) was compared with that of dexamethasone (0.75 mg, intraperitoneal) in rats, which demonstrated statistically significant reduction by extract, albeit less pronounced compared to dexamethasone [210]. Crude ethanol extract of neem leaves yielded anti-inflammatory responses by suppression of paw edema induced by carrageenan and reduced cotton pelletinduced granuloma formation in chronic model rats [211]. Furthermore, the ethanol extract obtained from A. indica leaves (1 g/ kg w/w) showed significant antinociceptive effect by inhibition of abdominal writhes produced by acetic acid.…”