Studies on Cultivated Ephedra Plants in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Kakiuchi, Nobuko; Nakajima, Ikumi; Kurita, Yukimasa; Chen, Long; Cai, Shenshen; Mikage, Masayuki

doi:10.1248/bpb.29.746

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In Table 6, the specimens identified as E. intermedia mainly contained ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Furthermore, the latter generally overwhelmed the former, as was often seen for wild and cultivated E. intermedia [15,16]. The specimens collected from the high-altitude habitats had lower alkaloid contents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Survey of Ephedra resources in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and their genetic diversity

et al. 2007

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More than 400 species of medicinal plants grow in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, including Ephedra plants. To investigate the wild Ephedra plant resources in the area, we surveyed the medicinal plants and collected 71 specimens from 18 collecting sites to analyze their genetic variation. The DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS 1 and 2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and a noncoding sequence of chloroplast DNA (trn L/F) were analyzed. This DNA data analysis and external morphological features were used to confirm the species of the specimens, and it was found that E. intermedia was the major species in the area and that E. gerardiana and E. przewalskii were present sporadically. Although it inhabits a relatively small area in comparison with the northwestern Chinese provinces, the DNA sequence of E. intermedia in the Northern Areas of Pakistan was significantly more heterogeneous than the same species grown in those neighboring regions. Most of the E. intermedia specimens contained more than 0.7% ephedrine alkaloids, fulfilling the requirement of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia; thus, the Ephedra plants in the area are a genetic and medicinal resource of great importance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Survey of Ephedra resources in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and their genetic diversity

et al. 2007

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“…The highest alkaloid content is found in E. equisetina followed by E. sinica and E. intermedia . E. sinica [5, 13] and E. equisetina mainly consist of ephedrine, whereas E. intermedia mainly contains pseudoephedrine [13–15]. In some instances, Ephedra -based products are used as bronchodilators in traditional Asian medicines [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Three Ephedra Herbs Containing Ephedrine

Chen

Cui

Nie

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Ephedrae Herba and Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma (Mahuang) have been used as Chinese herbal medicines. Ephedra plants mainly live in deserts and have good governance of desertification. Despite their important medicinal and environmental protection value, dietary supplements containing ephedrine from Ephedra species may threaten the health of people. Morphological resemblance amongst species causes difficulty in identifying the original species of Ephedra herbs. Chloroplast (CP) genome shows good prospects in identification and phylogenetic analysis. This study introduced the structures of the CP genomes of three Ephedra species and analysed their phylogenetic relationships. Three complete CP genomes of Ephedra showed four-part annular structures, namely, two single-copy regions and two inverted repeat regions. The entire CP genomes of three Ephedra species in terms of size were 109,550 bp (E. sinica), 109,667 bp (E. intermedia), and 109,558 bp (E. equisetina). Each CP genome of the three Ephedra species encoded 118 genes, including 73 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Eleven high-variation regions were screened through mVISTA to be potential specific DNA barcodes for identifying Ephedra species. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony trees showed that CP genomes could be used to identify Ephedra species. The Ephedra species had a close phylogenetic relationship with Gnetum species and Welwitschia mirabilis. This research provided valuable information for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of gymnosperms and drug safety of Ephedra.

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“…Roots of Panax notoginseng collected from a single farm exhibited variation in their AFLP fingerprints which correlated with morphological differences such as variations in leaf color and phytochemical differences such as saponin content [67]. On the other hand, a study of cultivated Ephedra plants from different regions in China revealed not only the presence of both Ephedra sinica and Ephedra intermedia in the same field but also the occurrence of plants with markers for either species and varied morphology [83]. Dong and colleagues determined the DNA sequences of the 5S rRNA spacer, ITS and the 18S rRNA coding region in 10 different taxa of Astragalus and used several different bioinformatics tools to construct phylogenetic trees with each genetic region as input [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The columns of the Table contain (from left to right): 1) an alphabetical list of the scientific names of the medicinal plant species that have been investigated (Plant) with information on 2) the plant parts (e. g., leave or root; Part) used for DNA extraction and 3) their condition (e. g., fresh or dry; Condition), an indication of whether 4) a voucher specimen was retained (Voucher), 5) the method (e. g., DNA sequencing; Method), 6) the genetic loci used (Gene) and 7) the number corresponding to the original paper in the list of references (Ref). Species that have been investigated using genome-based methods for authentication include plants of economical importance such as Panax [17], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [75], Fritillaria [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], and Ephedra [81], [82], [83], [84], [85]. Published work furthermore includes species of forensic importance such as Cannabis [86], [87], [88], species threatened by extinction such as the wild orchid Dendrobium [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100],…”

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confidence: 99%

Genome-Based Approaches to the Authentication of Medicinal Plants

Sucher

Carles²

2008

Planta Med

186

140

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Studies on Cultivated Ephedra Plants in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Survey of Ephedra resources in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and their genetic diversity

Survey of Ephedra resources in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and their genetic diversity

Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Three Ephedra Herbs Containing Ephedrine

Genome-Based Approaches to the Authentication of Medicinal Plants

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