Studies on Energy Levels in Poultry Rations

Donaldson, W. E.; Combs, Gerald F.; Romoser, G. L.; Supplee, W. C.

doi:10.3382/ps.0360807

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, feed consumption was not significantly affected by fat supplementation, suggesting that the effect of supplemental fat on growth was the result of Increased MEn intake and, possibly, improvement in the utilization of dietary nutrients. These results are in agreement with reports by Yacowitz (1953), Combs and Romoser (1955), Combs et al (1956), Donaldson et al (1957, Rand et al (1958) and . For example, reported that increasing the levels of A-V fat up to 10% of broiler chickens' diets increased body weight gain.…”

Section: Performance Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The reduced energy efficiency could be attributed to the increased energy consumption commensurate with the use supplemental fat in the diet (Donaldson et al, 1957;Blaxter, 1971;Dale and Fuller, 1979) and/(or) to differences in the composition of gain between chicks fed the nonsupplemented and 6% supplemented diet series. used increasing levels of animal-vegetable fat blend from 2.5 to 10% of the diet and reported a consistent Increase In carcass fat as the level of fat increased in the diet.…”

Section: Dressing Percentage and Measurements Of Segments Of The Gastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of sunflower meal as a feed ingredient in broiler chicken diets: the effect of using supplemental fat or pelleting

Zatari

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Section: Performance Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Dressing Percentage and Measurements Of Segments Of The Gastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of sunflower meal as a feed ingredient in broiler chicken diets: the effect of using supplemental fat or pelleting

Zatari

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“…Findings with respect to increased G:F are supported by Donaldson et al (1957) and Waldroup et al (1976), who demonstrated that fat inclusion levels up to 15% (stabilized animal grease) or 15.9% (soybean oil) with a maintained protein to energy ratio, fed to chickens from 0 to 3 wk of age, also resulted in an increased G:F. However, in the current study the ADG was linearly lowered, whereas it maintained or even increased in previous work. Though not explicitly stated, it is very likely that with dietary fat levels as high as 23.4%, the diets used by Donaldson et al (1957) and Waldroup et al (1976) may have been fed as mash. Earlier research found an interaction between diet density and feed form (mash vs. pelleted diets) with respect to ADG .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The perception that fat digestibility is relatively low (relative to digestibility of carbohydrates and protein) in young compared to old broiler chickens has resulted in limited research into dietary fat inclusion during the first wk of life. However, it was already demonstrated that feeding broiler chickens fat levels up to 15% (stabilized animal grease) and 15.9% (soybean oil) from either 0 to 21 or 0 to 28 d of age resulted in maintained or even increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) compared to feeding low diet densities, as long as the CP to energy ratio was kept constant (Donaldson et al, 1957;Waldroup et al, 1976). Whereas this suggests that high inclusion levels of fats and oils do not affect performance of young broiler chickens, it is not known which physiological mechanisms are involved in the oxidation and utilization of high nutrient density and dietary fat levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First week nutrition for broiler chickens : effects on growth, metabolic status, organ development, and carcass composition

Lamot¹

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During the first week of life, broiler chickens undergo various developmental changes that are already initiated during incubation. Ongoing development of organs such as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system may affect the nutritional requirements during this age period. Despite the residual yolk that is available at hatch and that may provide nutritional support during the first days after hatch, the growth performance may be affected by the time in between hatch and first feed intake. Furthermore, it remains largely unknown to what extend nutritional composition of a pre-starter diet, as well as feed availability directly after hatch have an effect on physiological development directly after hatch, but also at later age. The aim of this thesis was to determine the impact of feed availability and feed composition provided during the first week of life on short-term physiological development, as well as potential long-term effects on growth performance of broiler chickens. Especially early hatched chickens were suggested to benefit more from direct feed access compared to midterm and late hatched chickens, as they tended to have a higher body weight gain during the first week after hatch. A delay in feed access for 48 h resulted in lowered body weight gain and feed intake when compared to direct feed access, but so did a short (13 to 26 h) delay in feed access after hatch. In the latter case, delayed feed access resulted in a lower weight to length ratio of the jejunum and ileum at 4 d of age compared with chickens with direct feed access. Although delayed feed access after hatch resulted in lower body weight gain during the first week after hatch and thereafter, it can be discussed whether this is truly an impairment of long-term growth or just a delayed onset of growth. With respect to feed composition, the inclusion of fish oil and medium chain fatty acids in a pre-starter diet had minor effects on humoral immune function. Inclusion of medium chain fatty acids did result in higher body weight gain and lowered feed efficiency during the first week of life, but only during the period it was provided. Feeding increased diet densities during the first week of life, obtained by formulating diets with different dietary fat levels, resulted in an increased gain to feed ratio, whereas body weight gain and feed intake decreased. Despite the shift in dietary energy supply from carbohydrates to fat and the perceived lower fat digestibility in young broiler chickens, nitrogen metabolizability and fat digestibility were not affected in the current study by feeding increased diet densities. The relative crop, liver and pancreas weights decreased when feeding increased diet densities, whereas the length of the entire intestinal tract increased. This suggests that broiler chickens repartition visceral organ development in response to feeding more concentrated diets during the first week of life. Interestingly, protein and fat accretion were not affected. Continued feeding of increased diet densities after ...

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“…Fat has been shown to be a practical and economical means by which to increase energy levels in poultry diets and stimulate growth (Hill and Dansky, 1954;Donaldson et al, 1957;Griminger, 1986;Latouret al, 1994). Utilization of fat increased rate of gain and can decrease the age at market (Firman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introduction:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Ofhalal Tallow and Haram Lardcombinations on Growth Performance, Immunity, Cecalmicrobiology and Noxious Gas Emissionsin Boilers.

Bostami¹,

Mun²,

Kim³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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The study was conducted with an aim to study the animal fat as single (halal tallow) and combined state (halal tallow and haram lard combination) on growth performance, relative organ weight, cecal microbiology and noxious gas concentration in broilers on the aspect of halal ethical issue. Following completely randomized design, a total of 96 day old Ross broiler chicks were allocated into two treatments (TLO: Basal diet with tallow; TPL: Basal diet with tallow+lard), where there was six replications with eight birds per replicate pen. Feed and water was provided ad libitum with dividing starter (0 to 3 weeks) and finisher (4 to 5 weeks) period. The result revealed that, growth performancedid not differ between TLO and TPL (P>0.05); however, immunity (IgM) was higher in TLO in comparison to TPL (P<0.05). Among the internal organs, small intestine, large intestine and cecum weight was higher in TLO relative to the TPL (P<0.05).In addition, cecal and excreta pH was lower in TLO than the TPL (P<0.05); where, among cecalmicrobiology, Bacillus sp. count was higher in TLO compared to TPL (P<0.05). Excreta noxious gas concentration data revealed that, ammonia gas was lower in TLO during 0 hour, 3 hour and 12 hour incubation period, while the average value also significantly lower in TLO in relation to the TPL (P<0.05). The hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gas did not differ between TLO and TPL (P>0.05). Economic analysis data elucidated that, there was no significant difference for cost per unit of gain between TLO and TPL (P>0.05). The result suggested that, tallow and lard combination has no negative impact on the growth performance; however, there was higher excreta noxious gas concentration, which is one of the important issues for the environmental aspects from the broiler industry. Therefore, single use of animal fat (halal tallow) for halal broiler production are preferred instead of combination with another animal fat (haram lard).

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Studies on Energy Levels in Poultry Rations

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of sunflower meal as a feed ingredient in broiler chicken diets: the effect of using supplemental fat or pelleting

Evaluation of sunflower meal as a feed ingredient in broiler chicken diets: the effect of using supplemental fat or pelleting

First week nutrition for broiler chickens : effects on growth, metabolic status, organ development, and carcass composition

Evaluation Ofhalal Tallow and Haram Lardcombinations on Growth Performance, Immunity, Cecalmicrobiology and Noxious Gas Emissionsin Boilers.

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