Studies on Enteropathogenic Activity of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Using Ligated Gut Loop Model in Rabbits

Sakazaki, Riichi; Tamura, Kazumichi; Nakamura, Akiko; Kurata, Takeshi; Gohda, Akira; Kazuno, Yuzo

doi:10.7883/yoken1952.27.35

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Exceptions are found in the reports of Sakazaki et al (1974) of haemorrhages in the lamina propria and submucosa of rabbit loops in response to V. parahaemolyticus enterotoxin and of Keusch et al (1972) of epithelial disarray and cell extrusion and necrosis in response to partially purified enterotoxin of Sh. dysenteriae 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Studies on the production of enterotoxins by Bacillus cereus.

Turnbull¹

1976

J Clin Pathol

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SYNOPSIS Evidence is presented for the existence of three distinct enterotoxins detected in concentrated cell-free culture filtrates of selected Bacillus cereus strains. The first was a product capable of stimulating the adenylate cyclase-cyclic-AMP system in intestinal epithelial cells and, possibly through this, causing fluid accumulation in ligated ileal sections ('loops') of young rabbits. This was elaborated by a strain isolated from an incident of diarrhoea and which caused diarrhoea in 6 of 10 monkey feedings. The second was tentatively identified as a factor which caused fluid accumulation in rabbit loops but not, apparently, through stimulation of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic-AMP system; this was elaborated by a strain isolated from raw rice which failed to produce symptoms in eight monkey feedings. Together, the behaviour of these two factors indicates that diarrhoea caused by B. cereus enterotoxin may be a cyclic-AMP-mediated event. The third, here referred to as 'pyogenic toxin', caused severe tissue damage in the ileal mucosa and was elaborated by a strain isolated from a brain abscess. A factor produced by a strain isolated from an outbreak of vomiting which caused vomiting in 10 of 24 monkey feedings could not be detected in tests reported here but appears to be a fourth enterotoxin type.Cytopathic effects in tissue cultures, suckling mouse tests, and assays of glycerol production by fat cells were not found to be of value in the detection of any of the enterotoxins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Studies on the production of enterotoxins by Bacillus cereus.

Turnbull¹

1976

J Clin Pathol

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“…In our earlier studies (13, 14), we were unable to demonstrate an enterotoxic factor present in cell-free filtrates of Kanagawa-positive V. parahaemolyticus broth cultures even when the latter were concentrated 10-fold by dialysis. However, Sakazaki et al (11) produced rabbit ileal loop dilatation with all V. parahaemolyticus strains when the test filtrates were concentrated 10-fold by lyophilization; filtrates concentrated by dialysis were unreactive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the ligated rabbit ileum

Brown¹,

Spaulding²,

Twedt³

1977

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated by contrasting the effects of whole cells, cell fragments, cell-free preparations, and media constituents injected into rtabbit ileal loops. Three of 20 cultures utilized were Kanagawa-negative strains from seawater and sea fish. The remaining 17 cultures included both Kanagawa-positive and-negative strains from Japanese victims of gastroenteritis. Broth culture filtrates concentrated 10-fold by dialysis against 30% Carbowax were unreactive, whereas lyophilized filtrates, regardless of Kanagawa type, as well as all sterile broth preparations containing .5% NaCl gave positive reactions in the rabbit gut. In contrast, crude lysates derived from broth cultures of Kanagawa-positive strains caused loop dilatation; lysate supernatants were unreactive. Lysates of cells washed from brain heart infusion agar were more reactive than lysates from Trypticase soy agar-grown cells. When agar-grown cell lysates prepared by disruption in saline were dialyzed against distilled water, they were devoid of gut reactivity. Reactivity was restored in dialysands resuspended in saline and in dialysates concentrated 10fold. The agar-grown cell lysates exhibited Kanagawa-type hemolysis. Our data support the conclusion that the rabbit loop reactivity observed with lyophilized, cell-free culture filtrates may result from excessively elevated NaCl concentrations, and that a toxic factor associated with large-cell particles may be dialyzable, depends on saline for expression, and resembles the Kanagawa hemolysin.

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“…Although some L+ Vibrio test loops produced an accumulated fluid (milliliter) to loop length (centimeter) ratio of about 1, premature death of tested animals prohibit a conclusive statement concerning the ability of L+ Vibrio to elicit a positive fluid response in ligated leal loops. Although Kanagawa-positive strains of V. parahaemolyticus have previously been reported to yield positive ileal loop results (3,16,18), none of the test loops from four rabbits showed any accumulation. It is significant, however, that all 12 rats and 5 of 6 rabbits whose loops received L+ Vibrio injections died before the prescribed 18-h incubation period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

Experimental pathogenicity and mortality in ligated ileal loop studies of the newly reported halophilic lactose-positive Vibrio sp

Poole¹,

Oliver²

1978

Infect Immun

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Laboratory animals were challenged subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, and intravenously with the halophilic lactose-positive Vibrio. Intraperitoneal inocula of l0o organisms proved to be rapidly lethal in mice, rats, and hamsters. The 50% lethal dose in ICR strain mice was estimated to be 8 x 105 live cells, injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Subcutaneous inocula in mice resulted in severe local infections, characterized by gross edema, and for those animals surviving longer than 48 h, tissue necrosis. Intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injections of 10' cells in mice resulted in death within 3 to 6 h. These animals rapidly developed Vibrio bacteremia after injections. V. parahaemolyticus, studied for comparative purposes, produced no morbidity or mortality when injected subcutaneously. Injections of live lactose-positive Vibrio into ligated ileal loops in rats and rabbits consistently proved to be lethal with a highdensity bacteremia resulting.

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Studies on Enteropathogenic Activity of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Using Ligated Gut Loop Model in Rabbits

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Studies on the production of enterotoxins by Bacillus cereus.

Studies on the production of enterotoxins by Bacillus cereus.

Enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the ligated rabbit ileum

Experimental pathogenicity and mortality in ligated ileal loop studies of the newly reported halophilic lactose-positive Vibrio sp

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