Studies on epidemiology and pathogenicity of porcine circovirus

Tischer, Ilse; Mields, W.; Wolff, De; Vagt, M.; Griem, W.

doi:10.1007/bf01314286

Cited by 361 publications

(288 citation statements)

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“…Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) serological studies in non-porcine species have also led to controversial results. Tischer et al [21] detected antibodies to PCV1 in human beings, cattle and mice, while other workers did not find any evidence of PCV1 infection in other species (sheep, cattle, turkeys, chickens, human beings, mice, rabbits, goats and ducks) but swine [1]; PCV1 has also been demonstrated as non-pathogenic for swine [2,20]. However, at present, no association has been established between infection of both porcine circoviruses and non-porcine species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and mice

Quintana

Balasch²,

Segalés

et al. 2002

Vet. Res.

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-The objective of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of rabbits and mice experimentally inoculated with porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) to infection and development of disease and/or lesions. Forty six New Zealand rabbits and 50 ICR-CD1 mice were both divided into two groups comprising PCV1 and PCV2 inoculated animals, and a third group inoculated with non-infected cell culture medium. Rabbits were inoculated intranasally while mice were inoculated intraperitoneally. Clinical signs and body weights were recorded at the start of the experiment and at necropsy. Animals were bled, euthanised and necropsied at days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 post-inoculation and samples were collected for histopathological, serological, in situ hybridisation and PCR analysis. No clinical signs or gross and microscopic lesions compatible with PCV2 infections such as those seen in pigs were observed. No presence of PCV2 nucleic acid was detected in rabbits and mice by in situ hybridisation. Only one mouse inoculated with PCV1 seroconverted on day 20 PI. PCV1 and PCV2 genome was detected in serum by PCR in mice inoculated with each porcine circovirus, while rabbits were negative for both viral types. These studies indicated that porcine circoviruses did not cause any disease or microscopic lesions in inoculated rabbits and mice during the experimental period. However, intraperitoneally inoculated mice might have harboured PCV2 in circulation without evidence of viral replication. chacun divisés en deux groupes comprenant des animaux inoculés avec PCV1 et PCV2, et un troisième groupe inoculé avec un milieu de culture non-infecté. Les lapins ont été inoculés par voie intranasale et les souris par voie intrapéritonéale. Les signes cliniques et le poids des animaux ont été enregistrés au début de l'expérience et au moment de l'autopsie. Aux jours 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 et 20 après inoculation, le sang des animaux a été prélevé, puis les animaux ont été euthanasiés et ont subi une autopsie ; des échantillons ont été prélevés pour des analyses histopathologique, sérologique, d'hybridation in situ et de PCR. Aucun signe clinique ni lésion macro-ou microscopique correspondant à ceux observés chez les porcs infectés par PCV2 n'ont été détectés. Aucune présence d'acide nucléique de PCV2 n'a été détectée chez les lapins et les souris par hybridation in situ. Seule une souris inoculée par PCV1 est devenue séropositive au jour 20 post-inoculation. Les génomes de PCV1 et PCV2 ont été détectés par PCR dans le sérum de souris inoculées par chacun des circovirus, alors que les lapins sont restés négatifs pour chacun des types. Ces études indiquent que les circovirus porcins n'ont provoqué aucune maladie ou lésion microscopique chez les lapins et les souris inoculés durant toute la durée de l'expérimentation. Cependant, les souris inoculées expérimentalement pourraient avoir hébergé du virus PCV2 dans la circulation sanguine sans signe de réplication virale.lapin / souris / circovirus porcin / réaction en chaîne par polym...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and mice

Quintana

Balasch²,

Segalés

et al. 2002

Vet. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…9,14,23 Those studies documented a high prevalence of seroconversion to PCV 1 in healthy pigs. Those data, together with experimental infections with PCV 1, suggested that infection by PCV 1 was endemic and apparently nonpathogenic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,13,24 Although it has been documented in vitro that the replication of at least the original isolates of PCV are dependent on the S, or synthesis phase, of the cell cycle, currently little is known about the requirements for PCV growth in vivo. 23 Replication of both PPV and PCV depends on cellular enzymes expressed during S phase of the cell cycle, 24 suggesting that PPV and PCV may target the same cells in vivo. They may interact in some way to synergistically enhance replication, or the same physiologic factors may enhance replication of both viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coinfection by Porcine Circoviruses and Porcine Parvovirus in Pigs with Naturally Acquired Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

et al. 2000

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Abstract. Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an emerging disease in swine. Recently, the disease has been reproduced with inocula containing a newly described porcine circovirus (PCV), designated PCV 2, and porcine parvovirus (PPV). In order to determine if these viruses interact in naturally acquired PMWS, affected tissues from field cases were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for PCV 2 and PPV, as well as by PCR for the other recognized porcine circovirus, PCV 1. Porcine circovirus 2 was detected by PCR or IHC in affected fixed or frozen tissues from 69 of 69 cases of PMWS collected over 3 years from 25 farms. Porcine parvovirus was detected in 12 of the same cases, and PCV 1 was detected in 9 of 69; however, an apparent decrease was found in the sensitivity of the PCRs used to detect the latter 2 viruses when fixed tissue from the same cases were compared with the use of frozen tissues. Porcine circovirus 2 was not detected by PCR in affected tissues from 16 age-matched pigs that had Streptococcus suis-associated disease. Electron microscopic examination of plasma pooled from 15 pigs with PMWS revealed the presence of PCV and PPV, whereas these viruses were not observed in pooled plasma from 5 age-matched clinically normal pigs. These results confirm and extend previous findings documenting a consistent association of PCV 2 with PMWS. As well, infection by PPV or PCV 1 or both may be an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of some, but apparently not all, cases of PMWS.

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“…16 The PCV was first isolated in 1974 as a contaminant of the porcine kidney cell line PK-15. 16,18 Antibodies to the PCV strain isolated from the PK15 cell line (PCV PK-15) are widespread in swine populations, 4,15,17 but this strain is not associated with either clinical illness or pathological changes in pigs. 1,17 Antibodies to PCV PK-15 have been detected in humans, 14 but the significance of this finding is not known.…”

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confidence: 99%

Utilization of a Rate Enhancement Hybridization Buffer System for Rapid in Situ Hybridization for the Detection of Porcine Circovirus in Cell Culture and in Tissues of Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

et al. 2000

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Abstract.A rapid in situ hybridization (ISH) technique for the detection of porcine circovirus (PCV) nucleic acid in cell culture and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues was developed. A fluorescein-labeled RNA probe was transcribed from a plasmid containing 530 bp of the ORF1 of a PCV isolated from a pig with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Hybridization using standard hybridization buffer was performed at 42 C for 16 hours and was compared to hybridization using rate enhancement hybridization (REH) buffer at 67 C for 2 hours. Hybridization was detected with an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antifluorescein antibody. In both cultured cells and tissues from pigs with PMWS, the signal intensity and number of labeled cells in sections hybridized with REH buffer were equal to those of sections hybridized with standard hybridization buffer. The total time required for ISH using the REH buffer is 7-8 hours, thus making this protocol suitable for application in routine PCV diagnosis.Porcine circovirus (PCV) is a small, nonenveloped virus with a monopartite circular single stranded DNA genome. 16 The PCV was first isolated in 1974 as a contaminant of the porcine kidney cell line PK-15. 16,18 Antibodies to the PCV strain isolated from the PK15 cell line (PCV PK-15) are widespread in swine populations, 4,15,17 but this strain is not associated with either clinical illness or pathological changes in pigs. 1,17 Antibodies to PCV PK-15 have been detected in humans, 14 but the significance of this finding is not known. Recently, a new strain of PCV has emerged that is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. 2,5,11 Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome is characterized clinically by emaciation, dyspnea, and lymph node enlargement and pathologically by lymphohistiocytic to granulomatous lymphadenitis, interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and pancreatitis. 8,11 Antibodies against PCV PK-15 react weakly with the new strain of PCV, 2 and the nucleic acid homology between these 2 strains is 68 7 to 76%. 10,11 Type 2 PCV (PCV2) has been suggested as the name for this new strain. 10 The emergence of PMWS has made the rapid detection of PCV infection desirable.Several in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques using whole genomic DNA 2,5 or RNA 11 probes have been developed for the detection of PCV2. These ISH protocols take about 2 days to perform. Recently, rate enhancement hybridization (REH) buffers have become commercially available. These Received for publication December 14, 1998. buffers can decrease hybridization time for membrane-based procedures such as Southern, Northern, and dot blot hybridization. These buffers have also been used to reduce ISH time for the detection of an RNA virus. 12 This study was undertaken to develop an ISH technique using a commercially available REH buffer system a for the rapid, sensitive, and reproducible detection of PCV, a DNA virus, in both cell cultures and tissues from naturally infected pigs. Type 2 PCV...

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Studies on epidemiology and pathogenicity of porcine circovirus

Cited by 361 publications

References 1 publication

Experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and mice

Experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) in rabbits and mice

Coinfection by Porcine Circoviruses and Porcine Parvovirus in Pigs with Naturally Acquired Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

Utilization of a Rate Enhancement Hybridization Buffer System for Rapid in Situ Hybridization for the Detection of Porcine Circovirus in Cell Culture and in Tissues of Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

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