Studies on European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.). 
Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters

Liu, Shengquan; Loup, Caroline; Gril, Joseph; Dumonceaud, Olivier; Thibaut, Anne; Thibaut, Bernard

doi:10.1051/forest:2005063

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2). Such values are fairly similar to those reported for beech by Liu et al (2005) and Todorović et al (2012). Contrastingly, Miklečić et al (2011) found a slightly darker color (L* = 73.9 ± 1.0).…”

Section: Colorsupporting

confidence: 80%

Technical properties of beech wood from aged coppices in central Italy

Monaco¹,

Calienno²,

Pelosi³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionCoppice management has been deeply affected by economic and social changes in Europe since the 1950s. During the last century, the replacement of firewood with fossil fuels and the massive migration of people from mountain villages to towns has led to a change from traditional management of coppice to irregular coppicing or abandonment of management. Coppices have been progressively neglected in Italy (Ciancio et al. 2002, Picchio et al. 2009), and the suspension of their exploitation has produced "aged coppices", leading to alternative forms of traditional coppice management, such as the conversion to high forest systems (Amorini et al. 1996). Conversion consists of thinning out the shoots from the aged coppices to produce a transitory high forest stand.In the last 50 years, different approaches to coppice conversion have produced variable results in Europe, depending also on the stand conditions (Vogt et al. 2006, Van Calster et al. 2007, La Marca et al. 2009, Núñez et al. 2012, Suchomel et al. 2012, Altman et al. 2013, Pyttel et al. 2013. The transition towards a less intensive use of forests, which was considered more productive and more ecologically functional (Bagnaresi & Giannini 1999), was also due to the introduction of policies aimed at a territorial protection (Ask & Carlsson 2000, Coppini & Hermanin 2007, Hersperger & Bürgi 2010. As a consequence, such forests were actively or passively converted into high forest stands, as their management switched to other goals, like timber production, biodiversity conservation, etc. Thus the transition to less intensive managing regimes with different environmental features is important, particularly for mountainous areas of the Mediterranean countries (Cañellas et al. 2004, Zagas et al. 2004, Decocq et al. 2005, Ciancio et al. 2006, La Marca et al. 2008, Lafortezza et al. 2013.Coppices under natural evolution show a great structural variability, though a trend to conform to the typical structures of high forests is fairly clear. High forests have a prominent role in safeguarding biodiversity and promoting the non-productive functions of forests (Picchio et al. 2009, Ciancio & Nocentini 2011. New silvicultural approaches are being applied to aged coppices with the aim of favoring their natural development, improving their stability and functionality, and enhancing their natural regeneration by seeds. As a result, coppice conversion is expected to increase further (Ciancio et al. 2002).In Italy, coppices that are no longer exploited in the traditional way cover a large area. At present, aged coppices represent 89% of the whole Italian coppice surface area, and transitory high forests occupy about 150 000 ha (IFNC 2007). On the Apennines (central Italy) beech usually grows at altitudes above 900-1000 m, though relict sites are located at lower altitudes, providing evidence for a larger diffusion in the past (Montelucci 1956, Anzalone 1961, 1980, Hofmann 1991. According to the Italian National Forest Inventory (IFNC...

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Section: Colorsupporting

confidence: 80%

Technical properties of beech wood from aged coppices in central Italy

Monaco¹,

Calienno²,

Pelosi³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…They found significant relationships between L * and a * , but not between a * and b * . In Fagus sylvatica, Liu et al (2005) found that the parameters of the CIEL * a * b * colour system were significantly correlated (L * with a * , L * with b * , and a * with b * ), but in T. grandis the only significant correlation was with a * .…”

Section: Wood Colourmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Wood colour, which differs widely among species as well as within a single tree (Liu et al, 2005;Nishino et al, 1998), is an important factor for determining specific uses such as furniture and decorative veneers, both very important marketing attributes (Mazet and Janin, 1990). One of the most accurate and commonly used systems for measuring wood colour is the CIELab colour system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance

Moya

Berrocal

2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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To cite this version:Róger Moya, Alexander Berrocal. Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences, 2010, 67 (1), <10.1051/forest/2009088>. Ann. For. Sci. 67 (2010) • With the purpose of understanding the colour variation, different fast-growth plantations were sampled with different growth rates, tree ages, and sites.• Wood colour was measured with a CIELab system, where three variables are estimated: coordinate L * for lightness, coordinate a * defines redness and coordinate b * defines yellowness.• Results showed only a negative correlation between L * and a * . L * and a * were negatively and positively respectively correlated with pith distance in heartwood, but not for b * . No correlations were found between L * and b * in sapwood and plantation characteristics, while a * was positively correlated with age and height of tree and growth rate. In heartwood, tree age and diameter at breast height were correlated with all colour parameters, but tree height and plantation density were correlated with a * and b * . Cluster site had correlation with L * . Multiple correlation analysis showed that the heartwood is increasing darker (L * ) and redder (a * ) when the trees are older and bigger. Correlation coefficient shown that sapwood and heartwood with lighter colour (L * ) is less resistance to fungal attack, but redness colour (a * ) increasing decay resistance. Mots-clés :CIELab / bois tropicaux / Tectona grandis / aubier / bois de coeur / plantations Résumé -Les variations de couleur dans l'aubier et le duramen de jeunes arbres de Tectona grandis, en relation avec les caractéristiques des plantations, du site et de la durabilité.• Il y a une grande variabilité de la couleur du bois de Tectona grandis produit à partir de plantations à croissance rapide et les causes de ces variations sont relativement inconnues.• Pour comprendre l'origine des variations de couleur nous avons échantillonné dans des plantations à croissance rapide qui diffèrent entre elles en termes de vitesse de croissance, d'âge et de site.• La couleur du bois a été mesurée avec le système CIELab qui permet la mesure de trois variables colorimétriques : la luminance L * allant du noir au blanc, a * et b * allant respectivement du vert au rouge et du bleu au jaune.• Les résultats montrent une corrélation négative entre L * et a * . Dans le bois le coeur il y a une corrélation négative entre L * et la distance à la moelle et une corrélation positive entre a * et la distance à la moelle : aucune corrélation n'apparaît pour b * .

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“…Wood color differs widely among species as well as within a single tree (Liu et al 2005). Pith distance is the main factor of heartwood color variation within a tree (Klumpers et al, 1993;Moya and Berrocal, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silviculture conditions and wood properties of Samanea saman and Enterolobium cyclocarpum in 19-year-old mixed plantations

Obando

Moya

2013

For. syst.

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Aim of study: The objective of this work is to examine wood properties of a mixed plantation of Samanea saman and Enterolobium cyclocarpum, combined with native species of Costa Rica.Area of study: Mixed plantation in dry tropical zone of Costa Rica.Material and Methods: It was measured by total diameter, heartwood, bark thickness, several physical wood properties (green density, specific gravity, volumetric, tangential and radial shrinkage and moisture content) and wood color.Main results: The largest of this diameter are reached when S. saman is planted with E. cyclocarpum, E. cyclocarpum and Swietenia macrophylla and Simarouba glauca. Meanwhile the largest total diameter and heartwood in E. cyclocarpum was found when this species is planted with Dalbergia retusa. Heartwood percentage, bark percentage, and some physical properties are not affected when S. saman or E. cyclocarpum are planted with other species. However, parameters of wood color were affected mixture plantation of S. saman or E. cyclocarpum with other species. The lowest difference between wood from mixed plantations and wood from trees growing in native forests is produced when S. saman is mixed with E. cyclocarpum, but this last species is mixed with Hymenaea courbaril and produced wood with the lowest difference in wood color compared to trees growing in the natural forest.Research highlights: S. saman and E. cyclocarpum tress planted in a mixed plantation produce variation in breast diameter, physical properties, heartwood percentage and wood color.Keywords: silvicultural condition; wood properties; tropical species; plantation species.

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Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Technical properties of beech wood from aged coppices in central Italy

Technical properties of beech wood from aged coppices in central Italy

Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance

Silviculture conditions and wood properties of Samanea saman and Enterolobium cyclocarpum in 19-year-old mixed plantations

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