Studies on Gracilaria. 5. In vitro life history of Gracilaria sp. from the Maritime Provinces

Bird, Nancy; McLachlan, J.; Grund, D. W.

doi:10.1139/b77-149

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Gracilaria has straightforward Mendelian transmission genetics for nuclear genes (26,27). As it is a dioecious alga, and has both haploid and diploid vegetative phases (2), genetic parameters such as dominance, complementation, and recombination are readily determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Harvesting System of the Red Alga Gracilaria tikvahiae

Kursar¹,

Meer²,

Alberte³

1983

Plant Physiol.

146

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ABSTRACIWild type Gracilaria tik'ahiae, a macrophytic red alga, and fourteen genetically characterized pigment mutants were analyzed for their biliprotein and chlorophyll contents. The same three biliproteins, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin, which are found in the wild type are found in all the Mendelian and non-Mendelian mutants examined. Some mutants overproduce R-phycoerythrin while others possess only traces of phycobiliprotein; however, no phycoerythrin minus mutants were found. Two of the mutants are unique; one overproduces phycocyanin relative to allophycocyanin while the nuclear mutant obr synthesizes a phycoerythrin which is spectroscopically distinct from the R-phycoerythrin of the wild type. The phycoerythrin of obr lacks the typical absorption peak at 545 nanometers characteristic of R-phycoerythrin and possesses a phycoerythrobilin to phycourobilin chromophore ratio of 2.6 in contrast to a ratio of 4.2 found in the wild type. Such a lesion provides evidence for the role of nuclear genes in phycoerythrin synthesis. In addition, comparisons are made of the pigment compositions of the Gracilaria strains with those of Neoagardhiella bailyei, a macrophytic red alga which has a high phycoerythrin content, and Anacystis nidulans, a cyanobacterium which lacks phycoerythrin. The mutants described here should prove useful in the study of the genetic control of phycobiliprotein synthesis and phycobilisome structure and assembly.The functional photosynthetic unit of 02-evolving plants is composed of large arrays of light-harvesting pigment-proteins which are associated with the reaction centers and electron transport chains of PSI and PSII. While the reaction centers, electron transport chains, and dark reactions of photosynthesis are probably very similar in the major plant groups, the lightharvesting systems are quite diverse. For example, the antennae pigments fucoxanthin and Chl c are found in the photosynthetic unit of the diatoms and brown algae. In the red algae, Cryptomonads, and cyanobacteria, the phycobiliproteins serve this function while Chl b functions in the green plants (22). These pigments along with the proteins which bind them are major '

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Harvesting System of the Red Alga Gracilaria tikvahiae

Kursar¹,

Meer²,

Alberte³

1983

Plant Physiol.

146

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“…was completed by Ogata et al (1972) with material from Japan identified as G. verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss, a name that was later abandoned. Since then the life histories of a few other species have been completed in vitro (McLachlan and Edelstein, 1977;Bird et al, 1977;Guimarães et al, 1999;Oliveira and Plastino, 1984;Plastino and Oliveira, 1988;Yamamoto, 1991;Costa and Plastino, 2001). This study confirms the hypothesis that G. tenuistipitata also has a "Polysiphonia-type" life history as described for other species, although deviations have been reported in some species Kain and Destombe, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history, morphological variability and growth rates of the life phases of Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Rhodophyta: Gracilariales) in vitro

Barufi¹,

Oliveirã²,

Plastino³

et al. 2010

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Gracilaria tenuistipitata, a species of commercial interest, is becoming a model organism for studies on red algal physiology and molecular biology as it can be grown easily in vitro under a broad range of conditions. Most of the experiments carried out around the world have been based on a tetrasporophytic clone isolated in our laboratory from a specimen collected in China. Here we describe the life history of this species, give anatomic details of the reproductive structures, illustrate the morphological variability of tetraspore progeny and compare the growth rate of gametophytic and sporophytic thalli. Tetrasporophytic branches showed higher growth rates than gametophytic branches.Keywords: Gracilaria tenuistipitata, life history, reproduction, tetraspore progeny, Rhodophyta, Gracilariales. RESUMEN: Ciclo de vida, variabilidad morfológica y crecimiento de las diferentes generaciones de Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in vitro. -Gracilaria tenuistipitata, una especie de interés comercial, se está convirtiendo en un organismo modelo para estudios en fisiología y biología molecular de algas rojas debido a sus facilidades de crecimiento in vitro bajo una gran variedad de condiciones. La mayoría de los experimentos llevados a cabo a nivel mundial se han basado en un clon tetrasporofítico aislado en nuestro laboratorio, a partir de un espécimen recolectado en China. En este trabajo, se describe el ciclo de vida de esta especie, se dan detalles anatómicos de sus estructuras reproductoras, se ilustra la variabilidad morfológica de la progenie de tetrasporas y se compara el crecimiento de talos gametofíticos y tetrasporofíticos. Talos tetrasporofíticos presentaron tasas de crecimiento más elevadas que los talos gametofíticos.

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“…The presence of few specimens bearing reproductive structures (Kim 1970, Black & Fonck 1981, Fonck 1986, Pizarro 1986, Edding et al 1987, high degree of phenotypic plasticity within the genus (Bird et al 1977, Bird & McLachlan 1982, Abbott 1983, Bird & McLachlan 1984, and massive transplants with commercial purposes have generated confusion (Kim 1970, Bird et al 1986) and made difficult a precise description of the species. The existence of Gracilaria verrucosa (now G. gracilis) in the Pacific coast of Chile (Etcheverry 1958, Kim 1970, Kim & Candia 1977, Romo et al 1979, Bird et al 1986) is doubtful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Gracilaria Greville 1830 is distributed in areas with temperate and tropical waters and it is possible to find intertidal and subtidal populations (Bird et al 1977). The species of this genus are highly polymorphics with variable sizes and ramifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological variations of Gracilaria chilensis Bird, McLachlan et Oliveira, 1986 (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) in the southeast Pacific

2006

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The present work is a population morphometric study of Gracilaria from different environments along a latitudinal gradient of the Chilean coast that cover 1,500 km. Gracilaria species have been extensively exploited with an average extraction of 75,000 t per year. In Chile this seaweed is usually found in sandy bottom bays between Antofagasta (23º29'S -70º25'W) and Chiloé (42º03'0''S -73º11'0''W). Observations were made in 51 plants. Macroscopic observations were done in fresh plants, microscopic characters were determined in transversal sections with 20% Karo syrup and stained with aniline blue. Numerical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis. The latter analysis was performed for those characters with significant differences among the localities: basal constriction of branches, branch frequency, cortex cell diameter, subcortex cell diameter, thickness of the cortex and medullar cell diameter. The results of the Principal Component Analysis showed that 61% of the variance corresponded to the two first components. There were not observed groups clearly defined. The data suggest that along the coast of Chile there is only one morphotype that corresponds to the description of Gacilaria chilensis Bird, McLachlan et Oliveira, 1986 and it fits to the bulk of the material utilized in commercial production.

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Studies on Gracilaria. 5. In vitro life history of Gracilaria sp. from the Maritime Provinces

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Light-Harvesting System of the Red Alga Gracilaria tikvahiae

Light-Harvesting System of the Red Alga Gracilaria tikvahiae

Life history, morphological variability and growth rates of the life phases of <i>Gracilaria tenuistipitata</i> (Rhodophyta: Gracilariales) <i>in vitro</i>

Morphological variations of Gracilaria chilensis Bird, McLachlan et Oliveira, 1986 (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) in the southeast Pacific

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