Studies on Immunity in Anthrax

Wright, George G.; Hedberg, Mary; Feinberg, Richard J.

doi:10.1084/jem.93.6.523

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…When precipitated with potassium aluminium sulphate (alum), this antigen could also induce a degree of protective immunity in mice (Wright et al 1954). Further work by Belton and Strange (1954) improved yields of antigen using a chemically defined medium supplemented with casamino acids, yeast extract and charcoal, which was thought to increase the potency of the final product by adsorbing or removing undefined toxin inhibitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the physiology of Bacillus anthracis Sterne during manufacture of the UK acellular anthrax vaccine

Charlton¹,

Herbert²,

McGlashan³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aim: To analyse the growth of Bacillus anthracis during simulations of the UK anthrax vaccine manufacturing process. Methods and Results: Simulated vaccine production runs were performed using the toxigenic, acapsulate Sterne 34F2 strain of B. anthracis in semi‐defined medium. After rising during the logarithmic growth phase, the pH of the culture starts to fall at about 18 h from pH 8·7 to reach <7·6 at 26 h, coincident with consumption of glucose and optimal production of protective antigen (PA; 7·89 g ml−1, SD 1·0) and lethal factor (LF; 1·85 g ml−1, SD 0·29). No increased breakdown of toxin antigens was seen over the 26–32 h period. When glucose was exhausted, amino acids (principally serine) were utilized as an alternative carbon source. Sporulation was not observed during the 32 h. Conclusions: PA and LF, the principal constituents in the UK anthrax vaccine, undergo little degradation during vaccine fermentation. The vaccine manufacturing process is robust and reproducible. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first detailed analysis of the manufacturing process used for the UK acellular anthrax vaccine; insight gained into the process will support continued and safe vaccine manufacture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the physiology of Bacillus anthracis Sterne during manufacture of the UK acellular anthrax vaccine

Charlton¹,

Herbert²,

McGlashan³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…Our results suggest that the absence of anti-EF antibody titers resulted from the very low levels of EF expressed by the V770-NP1-R strain. V770-NP1-R is a non-proteolytic, noncapsular mutant strain derived from V770 [40]. PA and EF antigens from V770 and V770-NP1-R each had similar pIs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Western blot analysis of the exotoxin components from Bacillus anthracis separated by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis

Little

2004

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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“…59 In the production of the UK vaccine, a protein hydrolysate was preferred to synthetic 528 medium as used in US vaccine production. 60 Downstream processing consists of a filtration step to remove bacterial cells, along with oedema factor and lethal factor. Sterile material, now largely composed of protective antigen, the essential protection immunogen, is alum precipitated at pH 6.0.…”

Section: Animal Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 After subsequent modifications, including modifications of 528 to 599 and then to 1095, the US vaccine used today (product licence number 99) is an alhydrogel absorbed, cell free culture Ciprofloxacin is not licensed for use in children or pregnant women. There have been no formal studies of the use of ciprofloxacin during pregnancy, but it is unlikely to be associated with a high risk of abnormalities of fetal development.…”

Section: Animal Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%