Studies on in vitro antiproliferative activities in Cruciferae vegetables

Abstract

Cruciferous vegetables have drawn a great deal of attention in cancer research because of their potential protective properties. In the present study, four vegetables viz. cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi and radish were procured and processed for cold extraction procedure using 70% ethanol. The extracts were subjected to the qualitative phytochemical analysis, quantitative estimation of glucosinolates content and in vitro antiproliferative activity by MTT assay on MCF7, DL and NIH-3T3 cell lines. The results of qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of several bioactive compounds viz. polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides and alkaloids. Quantitative estimation of glucosinolates in terms of potassium thiocyanate equivalence/5mg of extract revealed that the cabbage has highest content of glucosinolate (122.6 µg) followed by cauliflower (109 µg), kohlrabi (101.6 µg) and radish (60.2 µg). The four cruciferous vegetables registered notable cell proliferation inhibition at different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/mL) in a dose dependent manner against three different cell lines. The results of antiproliferative activity was expressed in terms of IC 50. Among the four vegetables cabbage showed considerable cytotoxicity and cell proliferation inhibition with an IC 50 value of 192.5, 189.7, 589.7 µg/mL followed by cauliflower (378.7, 398.9, 597.9 µg/mL), kohlrabi (389.5, 396.9, 619.7 µg/ml) and radish (415.4, 423.3, 703.6 µg/ ml) in three different cell lines MCF7, DL and NIH-3T3, respectively.. The present study underlines the epidemiological surveys that cruciferous vegetables possess anticancer effects might be due to the presence of glucosinolates augmented with other phytochemicals.

Antiproliferative Rapeseed Defatted Meal Protein and Their Hydrolysates on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells and Human Fibroblasts

“…As shown in Figure 3 a, there was a concentration-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 proliferation for RAE and RPI at all hydrolysis degrees. Other studies with DRM are consistent with this result [ 5 , 17 , 33 , 34 ]. The results showed that RAE (C, DH0, DH2) and RPI (C, DH0, DH1) each had an inhibition equal to and greater than 80% of the MCF-7 proliferation at a 10 mg/mL concentration.…”

“…However, for RPI, the inhibition of cell proliferation among the C, DHO, DH1 and DH2 extracts was comparable at 7.5 and 10 mg/mL. Similar results were presented by Jamuna et al (2017) [ 33 ], who demonstrated that the difference in the inhibitory effects of SKOV3 cancer cell proliferation between a soy protein (69%) and its hydrolysates (64%) was not significant. However, in this work the proteolytic hydrolysis with Alkalase 2.4 L FG improves the antiproliferative effect on the MCF-7 of RPI DH1 and DH2 at low concentrations.…”

“…This could be due to the peptides’ sizes (preferably small, as will be discussed following the SDS-PAGE results) and the non-protein compounds solubilized with the proteins, such as carbohydrates, phenols and glucosinolates, which could affect human fibroblasts. Other researchers have used healthy mouse fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) to study their protein extracts’ antiproliferative capacities towards normal cells [ 33 ]. For example, Chi et al (2015) [ 36 ] showed that a purified clam peptide (Trp-Pro-Pro) had strong cytotoxicity to HeLa cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, but was not toxic in NIH3T3 cells from mouse fibroblasts.…”

A Comparative Study on the Active Constituents, Antioxidant Capacity and Anti-Cancer Activity of Cruciferous Vegetable Residues

“…There are previous studies confirm our results and the cytotoxic effect of Brassica vegetable extracts against the proliferation of cancer cell lines. Four cruciferous vegetables cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, and radish showed antiproliferative activity expressed as IC50 against three cell lines (MCF7, DL, and NIH-3T3), cabbage (92.5, 189.7, 589.7 μg/ml) followed by cauliflower (378.7, 398.9, 597.9 μg/ml), kohlrabi (389.5, 396.9, 619.7 μg/ml) and radish (415.4, 423.3, 703.6 μg/ml), respectively by MTT assay (48). Furthermore, the water extract of green and red cabbage exhibited the cytotoxic effect (as IC 50 ) on MCF 7 cell lines 176, 40 μg/ml, and 1125, 342 μg/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively by using Alamar Blue Assay (49).…”

Light Intensity Plays Contrasting Roles in Regulating Metabolite Compositions in Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)

“…Leafy vegetables are not only the essential sources of natural antioxidants, such as various pigments and phenolic compounds, but also the key sources of minerals, proteins, dietary fiber, and vitamins for human nutrition, − in which the bioactive metabolites such as carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, vitamin A, tocopherols, and phylloquinone, as well as glucosinolates (GLS, also a category of bioactive metabolites uniquely found in Cruciferous crops for defending plants from virus and pest attacks), greatly contribute to the nutritional value of vegetables. − These compounds have significant roles in antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities on human health and have garnered extensive attention in recent years. − The biosynthesis of some of the above metabolites in vegetables has been proven to be sensitive to various properties of light, especially light intensity. Therefore, many studies have focused on this field recently, targeting the enhancement of their levels by means of photoinduction, which is a simple and efficient approach for improving the nutritional quality of vegetables. − …”