In this chapter, I outline certain developments in work on standardization since the turn of this century that has challenged traditional thinking on modelling standardization. From the 2000s, there has been a proliferation of publications and approaches, whether focusing on the linguistic, social, cultural, educational, political or other dimension, with the result that this discussion is necessarily highly schematic. I consider how work is opening out beyond the National and the European, and examine the increasing interest in agents of standardization and standardization “from below”. Also growing in importance is research on restandardization and destandardization, viewed as symptomatic of the increasingly anti-authoritarian, individualistic and democratic ideology of late modernity.