Studies on Mass Attenuation Coefficient, Effective Atomic Numbers and Electron Densities of Some Narcotic Drugs in the Energy Range 1KeV -100GeV

Abstract

The effective atomic numbers and electron densities of few narcotic drugs (ND) viz., Heroin (H), Cocaine (CO), Caffeine (CA), Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabinol (CBD), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) have been calculated for total and partial photon interactions by the direct method in the wide energy range of 1 KeV-100 GeV using WinXCOM. The values of these parameters have been found to change with energy and composition of the narcotic drugs (ND). The variations of effective atomic number and electron density with energy are shown graphically for all photon interactions. The variation of photon mass attenuation coefficients with energy are shown graphically only for total photon interaction. The variation of effective atomic number Z eff and electron densities N el is due to the variations in the dominance of different interaction processes in that particular energy region.

Variation of Energy Absorption and Exposure Build-up Factor Dependence with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density of Amino Acids

“…In energy region, 100 keV < E < 1500 keV does not show the variation of Zeff and Neff [19]. The wide energy range 1 keV to 100 GeV of amino acids, borate glass materials, narcotic drugs as earlier discussed by Manohara et al [14], Sayyed et al [20] and Gounhalli et al [21]. By comparing the present results with them have nearly the same behaviour.…”

Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation

“…where ρ is the density of the shield material [33]. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) is a measure of probability of interaction that occurs between incident photons and matter per unit mass per unit area [34].…”

A Comprehensive Study on Gamma Rays and Fast Neutron Sensing Properties of GAGOC and CMO Scintillators for Shielding Radiation Applications

“…where I 0 is the intensity of bombarding beam, I is the intensity of transmitting beam, ρ is the density of scintillator samples (g/cm 3 ), and d is the thickness of the samples (cm). The total photon interaction cross section (σ t ) of the samples has been calculated with the help of the μ m according to the following equation:…”

“…HVL, MFP, Z eff , N el , EBF, and EABF parameters can be computed utilizing the values of μ m [2]. Precise μ m values are wanted to provide fundamental results in many nuclear radiation fields like computerized tomography, radiation shielding, nuclear radiation dosimeter, fluorescence of gamma ray, and safety inspection [3]. Various other researchers reported the properties of gamma radiation shielding for alloys, multielemental materials, soils, solutions, polyvinyl alcohol, and biological materials [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”