Studies on percutaneous penetration of chemicals – Impact of storage conditions for excised human skin

Dennerlein, Kathrin; Schneider, Désirée; Göen, Thomas; Schaller, K. H.; Drexler, Hans; Korinth, Gintautas

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2012.11.016

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Comparisons conducted using relatively shorter storage durations of 4 and 30 days (stored at -20°C) showed that there were no significant differences in the fluxes of anisole, cyclohexanone, and 1,4-dioxane between freshly excised and frozen skin [18]. Moody et al [13] compared the penetration of 6 chemicals with varying lipophilicity (logP between -1.69 and 6.2) in dermatomed fresh skin and paired skin which had been frozen at -19°C for 30 or 60 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Skin Penetration of 3 Metabolically Stable Chemicals Using Fresh and Frozen Human Skin

Jacques

Duplan

Rothe³

et al. 2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: The Cosmetics Europe ADME Task Force is developing in vitro and in silico tools for predicting skin and systemic concentrations after topical application of cosmetic ingredients. There are conflicting reports as to whether the freezing process affects the penetration of chemicals; therefore, we evaluated whether the storage of human skin used in our studies (8-12 weeks at -20°C) affected the penetration of model chemicals. Methods: Finite doses of trans-cinnamic acid (TCA), benzoic acid (BA), and 6-methylcoumarin (6MC) (non-volatile, non-protein reactive and metabolically stable in skin) were applied to fresh and thawed frozen skin from the same donors. The amounts of chemicals in different skin compartments were analysed after 24 h. Results: Although there were some statistical differences in some parameters for 1 or 2 donors, the penetration of TCA, BA, and 6MC was essentially the same in fresh and frozen skin, i.e., there were no biologically relevant differences in penetration values. Statistical differences that were evident indicated that penetration was marginally lower in frozen than in fresh skin, indicating that the barrier function of the skin was not lost. Conclusion: The penetration of the 3 chemicals was essentially unaffected by freezing the skin at -20°C for up to 12 weeks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Skin Penetration of 3 Metabolically Stable Chemicals Using Fresh and Frozen Human Skin

Jacques

Duplan

Rothe³

et al. 2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…We also wished to compare our data to other studies using similar experimental conditions, i.e. in vitro using human or animal skin [ 50 – 72 ]. The ratio between K p values of the present study and K p values from previous studies are plotted against log octanol:water partition coefficient (log P) in Fig 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous absorption of thirty-eight organic solvents in vitro using pig skin

et al. 2018

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Percutaneous absorption is highly variable between chemicals but also within chemicals depending on exposure conditions and experimental set up. We tested a larger number of organic solvents with the same experimental set up, using skin from new-born piglets and static diffusion cells. Thirty-six common organic solvents were studied neat (and 31 of them also in water dilution): acetone, acetonitrile, n-butanol 2-butanone 2-butoxyethanol, 1-butoxy-2-propanol, n-butyl acetate, butyl acrylate, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, ethylbenzene, furfuryl alcohol, n-hexane, 2-hexanone, 2-isopropoxyethanol, methanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, methyl acrylate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, 4-metyl-2-pentanol, methyl methacrylate, 2-propanol, 2-propen-1-ol, 2-propoxyethanol, 1-propoxy-2-propanol, styrene, trichloromethane, toluene and m-xylene. In addition, a mixture of 2-methylbutyl acetate and n-pentyl acetate was tested. For most of the solvents, little or no percutaneous absorption data have been published. Lag times, steady-state fluxes and apparent permeability coefficients were obtained from the time courses of solvent appearance in the receptor medium, as measured by gas chromatography. The use of the same methodology and kind of skin resulted in small variability within experiments, underlining the need for consistent methodology for useful results for developing predictive models. Furthermore, a comparison of the neat and diluted data shows that water dilution affects all these variables and that the direction and magnitude of the effects vary between chemicals. This comparison strongly supports that prediction of percutaneous absorption of neat and water diluted chemicals requires different models.

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“…[56] A comparison of the two solvents MeOH and Dioxane, utilized in our new synthesis route, with the commonly used solvents DMF and DMSO reveals that all solvents except Dioxane feature a high ability to penetrate through the skin, where DMSO exhibits by far the highest permeation rate among the solvents mentioned. [57][58][59][60] This high ability to penetrate through the skin tissue combined with the ability to act as an excellent carrier for a wide range of agents makes DMSO a much more critical solvent than Dioxane, although both are not acutely toxic. [26] Furthermore, DMF and MeOH show very similar permeation rates, which means that both solvents have a similar ability to penetrate through the skin tissue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Hybrid Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Less Hazardous Solvents: Methanol and 1,4‐Dioxane

Greul

Docampo

Bein

2017

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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Abstract. The toxicity of lead and the solvents utilized during the synthesis of hybrid halide perovskite films are potential obstacles for widespread applications of solar cell technology based on these materials. Alternatives such as those based on lead-free Sn-based devices often suffer from poor film morphologies, thus precluding competitive device efficiencies. Herein, we demonstrate a new one-step route deploying mixtures of the less hazardous methanol and 1,4-dioxane for preparing high-quality methylammonium tin iodide films. We propose

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Studies on percutaneous penetration of chemicals – Impact of storage conditions for excised human skin

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of the Skin Penetration of 3 Metabolically Stable Chemicals Using Fresh and Frozen Human Skin

Comparison of the Skin Penetration of 3 Metabolically Stable Chemicals Using Fresh and Frozen Human Skin

Percutaneous absorption of thirty-eight organic solvents in vitro using pig skin

Synthesis of Hybrid Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Less Hazardous Solvents: Methanol and 1,4‐Dioxane

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