Synthesis of Hybrid Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Less Hazardous Solvents: Methanol and 1,4‐Dioxane

Abstract

Abstract. The toxicity of lead and the solvents utilized during the synthesis of hybrid halide perovskite films are potential obstacles for widespread applications of solar cell technology based on these materials. Alternatives such as those based on lead-free Sn-based devices often suffer from poor film morphologies, thus precluding competitive device efficiencies. Herein, we demonstrate a new one-step route deploying mixtures of the less hazardous methanol and 1,4-dioxane for preparing high-quality methylammonium tin iodide films. We propose

Tin Halide Perovskites: From Fundamental Properties to Solar Cells

“…Despite an increment in the device stability, the efficiency was limited to values ≈2% due to the high background hole density of the MASnI 3 compounds. [ 174,200,216,217 ]…”

Present Status and Research Prospects of Tin‐based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Sn‐based perovskites have a low value of V oc mainly because of the high defect density on which Greul et al suggested using the mixture of methanol and 1,4‐dioxane as the solvents whose toxicity are quite less than DMF and DMSO . A surprisingly low defect density was achieved for the MASnBr 0.5 I 2.5 films using methanol/dioxane, and the developed device showed an enhanced PCE of 1.05% and J sc of 15.44 mA cm −2 , whereas the cells grown through DMF exhibited PCE 0.04% and through DMSO exhibited PCE 0.01%.…”

ASnX3—Better than Pb‐based Perovskite

“…demonstrated the fabrication of MASnI 3 and MASnBr x I 3‐x films with high quality using a green solvent, a mixture of methanol and 1,4‐dioxane. [ 52 ] The MASnBr 0.5 I 2.5 solar cells fabricated through the methanol/dioxane procedure achieved PCE of 1.05% and J sc of 15.44 mAcm −2 .…”