Studies on photochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons III

Nojima, Kazuhiro; Fukaya, Katsuhisa; Fukui, Shozo; Kanno, Saburo; Nishiyama, Shinichi; Wada, Yutaka

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(76)90052-7

Cited by 58 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They can be directly emitted from combustion processes in vehicles, 6,7 and also indirectly formed in the atmosphere by photochemical reactions of precursors (benzene, toluene, phenols and cresols) with OH radicals and NO 2 . [8][9][10][11][12][13] Some other sources, in particular for nitrophenols, can give rise to their introduction into the atmosphere, like the combustion of coal and wood, the biodegradation of organophosphorous insecticides such as parathion and methyl-parathion 14,15 and the use of nitrophenols such as herbicides (DNOC, dinoseb or dinoterb). 16 Since little information is available for these sources, evaluation of their significance and importance remains imprecise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many phenols and nitrophenols are included in the EPA list of hazardous air pollutants (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/ atw/188polls.html), only limited data are available on their concentrations and distribution in the environment. Nevertheless, some measurements have been done in rainwater, 4,9,[16][17][18] air 18 and aerosols. 6 Some studies have also been performed on fog and the results obtained showed high concentrations of nitrophenols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multiresidue method for the analysis of phenols and nitrophenols in the atmosphere

Morville

Scheyer

Mirabel

et al. 2004

J. Environ. Monitor.

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A method using GC-MS and derivatization with N-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) was developed for the analysis of 20 phenolic compounds in atmospheric samples (gas and particles). Air sampling was carried out using a Hi-Vol sampler with glass fibre filter and XAD-2 resin at a flow rate of 60 m(3) h(-1). The particle and gas phases were collected separately over a period of 4 h. Samples were Soxhlet extracted, evaporated to dryness under nitrogen and refilled with acetonitrile. 100 microl of these extracts were derivatized with 100 microl of MTBSTFA at 80 degrees C for 1 h under strong stirring. Phenolic compounds were injected into a GC-MS in splitless mode and quantified as their TBDMS derivatives in the SIM mode. Mass spectral analysis of the derivatives of the 20 compounds studied indicates that the spectra are highly specific showing an ion at [M - 57]+ which is useful for structure confirmation or analysis at low levels using selected ion monitoring. Quantification limits varied between 5 microg l(-1) and 10 microg l(-1) which correspond to 20 pg m(-3) and 40 pg m(-3) for 250 m(3) of air sampled. This method was successfully applied to atmospheric samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiresidue method for the analysis of phenols and nitrophenols in the atmosphere

Morville

Scheyer

Mirabel

et al. 2004

J. Environ. Monitor.

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“…Various atmospheric processes are responsible for the formation of nitrated phenols, including photochemical oxidation of benzenes in the presence of NO x (NO and NO 2 ) and ultraviolet rays (Nojima et al, 1975(Nojima et al, , 1976, oxidation of phenols by OH and NO 3 radicals in the presence of NO x (Atkinson et al, 1992;Bolzacchini, et al, 2001), and nitration of phenols in aqueous solutions (Lüttke et al, 1997;Vione et al, 2005;Frka et al, 2016). However, the formation pathways of nitrated phenols from the condensed phase remains more uncertain than those for the gas phase (Harrison et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of fine particulate nitrated phenols in four sites in northern China: concentrations, source apportionment, and secondary formation

Wang

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Filter samples of fine particulate matters were collected at four sites in northern China (urban, rural, and mountain) in summer and winter, and the contents of nine nitrated phenols were quantified in the laboratory with the use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. During the sampling periods, the concentrations of particulate nitrated phenols exhibited distinct temporal and spatial variation. On average, the total concentration of particulate nitrated phenols in urban Jinan in the wintertime reached 48.4 ng m −3 , and those in the summertime were 9.8, 5.7, 5.9, and 2.5 ng m −3 in urban Jinan, rural Yucheng and Wangdu, and Mt. Tai, respectively. The elevated concentrations of nitrated phenols in wintertime and in urban areas demonstrate the apparent influences of anthropogenic sources. The positive matrix factorization receptor model was then applied to determine the origins of particulate nitrated phenols in northern China. The five major source factors were traffic, coal combustion, biomass burning, secondary formation, and aged coal combustion plume. Among them, coal combustion played a vital role, especially at the urban site in the wintertime, with a contribution of around 55 %. In the summertime, the observed nitrated phenols were highly influenced by aged coal combustion plumes at all of the sampling sites. Meanwhile, in remote areas, contributions from secondary formation were significant. Further correlation analysis indicates that nitrosalicylic acids were produced mostly from secondary formation that was dominated by NO 2 nitration.

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“…The former two pollutants were observed in smog chamber experiments, [7][8][9] and are known to be epoxidizing agents that can convert aldrin photochemically to dieldrin. [10][11][12] We wish to report herein the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in air in the presence of air pollutants and the product distribution in the photochemical reaction.…”

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confidence: 98%

Studies on Photochemical Reactions of Air Pollutants. XIV. Photooxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Air by Various Air Pollutants

Nojima

Yamaashi

2004

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Studies on photochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons III

Cited by 58 publications

References 2 publications

A multiresidue method for the analysis of phenols and nitrophenols in the atmosphere

A multiresidue method for the analysis of phenols and nitrophenols in the atmosphere

Observations of fine particulate nitrated phenols in four sites in northern China: concentrations, source apportionment, and secondary formation

Studies on Photochemical Reactions of Air Pollutants. XIV. Photooxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Air by Various Air Pollutants

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