STUDIES ON PHOTOTROPISM OF YOUNG SPORANGIOPHORES OF <i>PILOBOLUS KLEINII</i>*

Page, Robert M.; Curry, George M.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1966.tb05758.x

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The first sign o f sporangiophore development in Pilobolus crystallinus was the presence o f a carotene-rich hyphal expansion, the trophocyst, from which the sporangiophore initial emerged (Buller 1934;McVickar 1942;Page 1962;Page and Curry 1966;K u b o andMihara 1988, 1989). The sporangiophore elongated at the extreme tip, so that when the surface o f the sporangiophore was dusted with fine c a r b o n grains, the distance between two marker grains did not increase except within the region a few micrometers from the tip (Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coenocytic sporangiophores of the fungus Pilobolus crystallinus (Mucorales) show a pronounced phototropism in response to unilateral light (Buller 1934;Banbury 1959;Page 1962;Page and Curry 1966), the direction of which, positive or negative, depends on both the wavelength and fluence rate of the light (Kubo and * To whom correspondence should be addressed; FAX: 81 (22) 263 9845 Mihara 1988Mihara , 1989. The phototropism closely correlates with the growth pattern of the sporangiophores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of growth and rotational behavior of sporangiophores in Pilobolus crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode

Ootaki

Ishikawa

Konno

et al. 1993

Planta

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Abstract. The growth and rotation of the sporangiophore of Pilobolus crystallinus, which are important factors in its phototropic behavior, were analyzed throughout its development. The sporangiophore initial emerged from the trophocyst and elongated at the extreme tip without rotating. The elongation rate of the sporangiophore apex then gradually decreased and the apex expanded radially to produce the sporangium, but no rotation occurred. A transient cessation of elongation after sporangium development was followed by resumption of both elongation and radial expansion in the region beneath the sporangium developing the subsporangial vesicle. Rotation was not obvious at this stage. Radial expansion of the subsporangial vesicle continued at a decreasing rate until full size was reached. Elongation then recommenced in the newly established growth zone in the upper region of the sporangiophore just beneath the subsporangial vesicle. During this period of growth, the sporangiophore rotated in a clockwise direction as viewed from above. All growth and rotation ceased about 1 h before ejection of the sporangium into the air. Based on these results, a modified classification of the developmental stages has been proposed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of growth and rotational behavior of sporangiophores in Pilobolus crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode

Ootaki

Ishikawa

Konno

et al. 1993

Planta

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“…These responses include: the stimulation of carotene biosynthesis in Fusarium aquaeductuum (21), stimulation of oxygen uptake in Chlorella pyrenoidosa (20), potentiation of oxygen evolution in Acetabularia crenulata (29), plastid movement in Lemna trisulca (35), retardation of flower opening in Oenothera (22), phototropic responses of Avena coleoptiles (31), polarotropic response of chloronema of the fern Dryopteris filix-mas (27), and polarotropism of Liverwort germ tubes (28), and phototropic bending of sporangiophores of Phycomyces (10) and Pilobolus (19). Thimann (30) noted that the action spectra of some responses are similar showing peaks near 445 nm, 472 nm, a shoulder at 425 nm, minima at 400 nm and 460 nm with a steep fall to nearly zero from 510 to 550 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The argument centers on a flavin or a cis-carotenoid as the active pigment, although a flavin hypothesis has been favored by some investigators (3,(19)(20)(21). In this connection, a heterothallic strain of N. haematococca var.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Spectrum of the Photoinduced Sexual Stage in the Fungus Nectria haematococca Berk. and Br. var cucurbitae (Snyder and Hansen) Dingley

Curtis¹

1972

Plant Physiol.

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An action spectrum was determined for the photoinduced formation of perithecia in a homothallic strain of Nectria haematococca Berk. and Br. var. cucurbitae (Snyder and Hansen) Dingley. Dose-response curves for perithecial formation were obtained from 340 to 510 nanometers at 10-nanometer intervals. Radiation longer than 510 nanometers was not effective for inducing perithecial formation. The action spectrum indicated peaks of activity near 360, 440, and 480 nanometers with shoulders near 420 and 460 nanometers. Minima occurred near 350 nanometers, 390 to 410 nanometers, and 470 nanometers. The general shape of this action spectrum appears to be similar to those obtained for many different near ultraviolet-blue-sensitive organisms in which a flavoprotein molecule was postulated to be the photoreceptor.Previous research has shown that a photorequirement exists for proper development of asexual and sexual reproductive structures in several closely related strains of the fungus Nectria haematococca Berk. and Br. var. cucurbitae (Snyder and Hansen) Dingley (2,8,9,25,33 Baker (2) found that light intensity in particular had a marked effect on the production of the sexual (perithecia) stage. Of three intensities used, the optimal intensity for stimulating the production of perithecia in heterothallic strains was 190 to 195 ft-c.In a more comprehensive study of the light requirement, Curtis (8) found a broad optimal range of intensity for the production of perithecia from 50 to 250 ft-c. Darkness or higher intensities of irradiation greatly inhibited the formation of perithecial primordia and perithecia. In addition, a region of spectral sensitivity in the near UV-blue portion of the spectrum was found for two heterothallic strains and a homothallic strain.

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“…In young sporangiophores of Pilobolus, phototropic curvature was characterized to be a shift of the growing point (10). [The time-lapse traces of a young Pilobolus kleinii sporangiophore reported by Page and Curry (11), however, do not exclude the possibility that bending by a bowing mechanism can also take place in this sporangiophore.] In the stage I sporangiophore of Phycomyces, Trinci and Halford (12) have observed curvature at the portion that was located below the growing point at the onset of phototropic bending, indicating that in this sporangiophore, phototropism results from differential growth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phototropic response of the stage I Phycomyces sporangiophore to a pulse of blue light

Iino¹,

Schäfer²

1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Positive phototropic curvature of Phycomyces sporangiophores (stage I) induced by a short pulse (10 sec) of blue light has been characterized. The curvature response, measured 40 min after irradiation, increases with increasing fluences up to i0-Jm2; it then decreases and becomes nearly 0 at a fluence of 10-1 J m-2. The threshold fluence is found near 10-7 J m-2, indicating over 1000-fold higher sensitivity than the first positive phototropism of grass coleoptiles. Positive curvature of the sporangiophore becomes detectable 5 min after irradiation and increases with time up to =40 min. During the course of this curvature development, overall elongation growth of the sporangiophore is first stimulated and then inhibited. The relationship between the phototropic response and the response in overall elongation growth is discussed, and it is suggested that the primary mechanisms of these responses are distinct.In extensive studies of phototropism in Phycomyces sporangiophores, it has been a common practice to induce curvature with continuous irradiation (1, 2). In the stage IVb sporangiophore (for definition of stages, see ref. 1), positive phototropic curvature can in fact follow a single short pulse of light (3-5). Nonetheless, the phototropic response to pulse stimuli has not been systematically studied, and the use of pulse stimulation in analyzing the properties of sporangiophore phototropism has long been overlooked.In the present paper, phototropic curvature of stage I sporangiophores of Phycomyces induced by a pulse of blue light is characterized in terms of fluence-response relationships and kinetics. The results are then used to examine the relationship between phototropism and the blue light responses exerted on elongation growth. The choice of stage I is largely arbitrary. However, because rotation (twist) of the growing zone of the sporangiophore, evident in stage IV, is very slight in stage I (see ref. Experimental treatments of sporangiophores began 62-66 hr after the start of the culture. At this time, most of the sporangiophores were in stage I. Selection of sporangiophores was made at the beginning of each experiment, so that 5-10 sporangiophores (stage I) were left in each vial.Phototropic Stimulation. The sporangiophores were unilaterally irradiated with blue light. The duration of irradiation was 10 sec unless otherwise specified. The blue light was obtaimed by passing collimated light from an Osram 250 W halogen lamp through a blue glass filter (no. 5-60, 5 mm thick; Corning) together with a heat cut-off filter and a UV cut-off filter (GG 400; Schott, Mainz, FRG). Fluence rates of blue light were controlled with neutral density glass filters.In the study of fluence-response relationships. sporangiophores in a row of six or seven vials were irradiated simultaneously. In time course studies, sporangiophores in a row of three vials were used for simultaneous irradiation. Immediately after blue light irradiation, each vial was rotated 900 around its axis so that the direction of phototropic...

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STUDIES ON PHOTOTROPISM OF YOUNG SPORANGIOPHORES OF *PILOBOLUS KLEINII**

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of growth and rotational behavior of sporangiophores in Pilobolus crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode

Analysis of growth and rotational behavior of sporangiophores in Pilobolus crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode

Action Spectrum of the Photoinduced Sexual Stage in the Fungus Nectria haematococca Berk. and Br. var cucurbitae (Snyder and Hansen) Dingley

Phototropic response of the stage I Phycomyces sporangiophore to a pulse of blue light

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STUDIES ON PHOTOTROPISM OF YOUNG SPORANGIOPHORES OF PILOBOLUS KLEINII*

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of growth and rotational behavior of sporangiophores in Pilobolus crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode

Analysis of growth and rotational behavior of sporangiophores in Pilobolus crystallinus (Wiggers) Tode

Action Spectrum of the Photoinduced Sexual Stage in the Fungus Nectria haematococca Berk. and Br. var cucurbitae (Snyder and Hansen) Dingley

Phototropic response of the stage I Phycomyces sporangiophore to a pulse of blue light

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STUDIES ON PHOTOTROPISM OF YOUNG SPORANGIOPHORES OF *PILOBOLUS KLEINII**