Studies on the Cytology and Fertility in the Induced Polyploids of Self-Incompatible &lt;i&gt;Brassica campestris&lt;/i&gt; var. &lt;i&gt;Brown sarson&lt;/i&gt;

Chowdhury, J. B.; Ghai, Bachitar Singh; Sareen, P. K.

doi:10.1508/cytologia.33.269

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The diploid-like meiotic behavior of the tetraploid P. harmala is attributed to a genetically controlled phenomenon that needs further investigation. The adaptation of polyploids to colder and high altitudes was also reported by Goral et al (1964) and Choudhury et al (1968) in Trifolium pretense and Brassica campestris, respectively. Thus, polyploidy is a major mechanism of adaptation and speciation in plants (Stebbins 1950, Grant, 1981, Levin 2002.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Existence of Two Cytotypes of <i>Peganum harmala</i> L. in Kashmir Himalaya and Ladakh Trans Himalaya of India

et al. 2023

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To understand plant evolution and diversification, information regarding chromosome number and meiotic behavior is imperative. The present study was carried out to determine the chromosome count, meiotic behavior, pollen fertility, and seed set of a medicinally important plant Peganum harmala. Two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid are growing in western Himalaya; the diploid cytotype (2n=2x=24) is growing in Kashmir Himalaya, and the tetraploid (2n=4x=48) in Trans Himalaya, Ladakh. Chromosomes pair into perfect bivalents and segregate normally during anaphase-I and II of pollen mother cells. Pollen fertility ranged from 89.97 to 90.46% in the diploid cytotype and 88.0 to 90.0% in the tetraploid cytotype. The cytotypes identified can be exploited for restoration ecology, conservation, and sustainable development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Existence of Two Cytotypes of <i>Peganum harmala</i> L. in Kashmir Himalaya and Ladakh Trans Himalaya of India

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, the effect of polyploidy on frost tolerance may vary from species to species and in some plants it has been demonstrated to show an increase or decrease with higher ploidy level. For instance, in Brassica campestris, autotetraploids were more resistant to frost than their diploid counterparts (CHOUDHURY et al 1968). On the other hand, GORAL et al (1964) found lower resistance of tetraploids to frost in Trifolium repens and higher resistance of tetraploids in Trifolium pratense.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy effects on frost tolerance and winter survival of garden pansy genotypes

Lagibo¹,

Kobza²,

Suchánková³

2005

Hort. Sci. (Prague)

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Pansies (Viola × wittrockiana Gams) are a commercially important ornamental plant, grown and marketed during autumn and spring (ADAMS et al. 1997).Two hexadecaploid (16x) genotypes were obtained by induced polyploidy in octoploid garden pansy cultivars (AJALIN et al. 2002). The hexadecaploids were selfed in advanced generations (LAGIBO, KOB-ZA 2004a,b) and used also for further breeding in order to exploit the induced desirable traits such as improved compactness and general vigour effect in plant height and in flower size. As a result, the genotypes with 2n = 10x, 2n = 12x, and 2n = 14x ploidy levels were produced from crosses and backcrosses which are included in this study.According to LEVIN (1983), polyploidy, induced or natural, may greatly alter the cytological, genetic and physiological characteristics, and it often alters resistance to cold. Moreover, the effect of polyploidy on frost tolerance may vary from species to species and in some plants it has been demonstrated to show an increase or decrease with higher ploidy level. For instance, in Brassica campestris, autotetraploids were more resistant to frost than their diploid counterparts (CHOUDHURY et al. 1968). On the other hand, GORAL et al. (1964) found lower resistance of tetraploids to frost in Trifolium repens and higher resistance of tetraploids in Trifolium pratense.In this study, in addition to induced polyploidy, since pansies are commonly planted in autumn for spring flowering, frost tolerance is one of the most important factors to be assessed in new genotypes. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to interpret the differences in frost tolerance and winter survival between 8x, 10x, 12x, 14x, and 16x ploidy levels of garden pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams) genotypes grown in the field conditions. Plants of each genotype were analyzed for their ploidy levels using flow cytometry. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured with portable chlorophyll fluorometer in the greenhouse and in the field at different time intervals. Increased frost stress generally reduced the fluorescence values in all genotypes. However, the genotypes differed significantly in their responses to frost as they were exposed to minimum temperatures of 1°C to -7.7°C in the field. Based on the percentage reduction in F V /F M values against -7.7°C temperature the hexadecaploids were ranked as sensitive to intermediate followed by 12x (sensitive), and genotypes with 10x and 14x ploidy levels were tolerant as the controls. The winter survival rate of hexadecaploids was by 7 to 9% lower than in the controls followed by the genotype with 12x and both genotypes with 10x and 14x ploidy levels were about equal to the controls. On the other hand, the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoids) was the highest in hexadecaploids and tended to increase with increasing ploidy level. Further, the results gave insight that chlorophyll fluorescence could be applied directly in the field conditions ...

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“…However, studies on aphids do not support this prediction. Aphids have been shown to attack lower ploidy levels both more frequently (Gross & Schiestl, 2015) and less frequently (Chowdhury et al, 1968; Richardson & Hanks, 2011). Although these previous studies show that aphid attack rates may change when the insects feed on different ploidy levels, it is unknown if these changes are caused by shifts in aphid preference or performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, most studies suggest that WGD often acts as a mechanism of host expansion. For instance, herbivores can incorporate different ploidy levels into their diet, but we often observe that insects show differences in attack rate between host ploidy levels (Arvanitis et al, 2008; Chowdhury et al, 1968; Collins & Müller‐Schärer, 2012; Gross & Schiestl, 2015; Halverson et al, 2008; Kao, 2008; König et al, 2014; Münzbergová, 2006; Münzbergová et al, 2015; Münzbergová & Skuhrovec, 2017; Nuismer & Ridenhour, 2008; Nuismer & Thompson, 2001; Richardson & Hanks, 2011; Thompson et al, 1997; Walczyk & Hersch‐Green, 2019; Wu et al, 2019). Whether this variation in attack rates among plant cytotypes or ploidy levels, is caused by changes in herbivore preference or performance remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host expansion in a specialist herbivore is facilitated by whole‐genome duplication in the host plant

Curé

Althoff

Segraves

2022

Ecological Entomology

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1. Host plant shifts are central to diversification in insect herbivores. Many mechanisms can cause host shifts in insects, but one relatively unexplored mechanism is whole-genome duplication (WGD) in the host plant. WGD, or polyploidy, is common in plants and causes spontaneous changes in physiology, morphology, and palatability that could impact the ability of herbivores to feed and develop on newly formed polyploids (neopolyploids).2. Here the authors tested if WGD affected the preference and performance of the specialist aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphids). Pea aphids seasonally form specialised lineages or 'host forms' on many host plant species including alfalfa and red clover. Aphid host forms on alfalfa and red clover naturally exist on different cytotypes of their respective hosts, with red clover aphids feeding on diploid clover and alfalfa aphids feeding on tetraploid alfalfa. Therefore, the authors predicted that these host forms would have a higher preference for and performance on their respective natal host cytotype.3. Neither host form exhibited a preference for a particular cytotype, but there were modest changes in aphid performance based on host cytotype. Specifically, aphids specialised to red clover had higher fecundity on diploid red clover than on neotetraploid red clover. Together, these results showed that both host forms were able to recognise and accept different cytotypes of the two host species, but only one host form experienced trade-offs in performance when feeding on neotetraploids.These results suggest that WGD may act as a mechanism of host expansion in pea aphids as plants speciate via WGD.

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Studies on the Cytology and Fertility in the Induced Polyploids of Self-Incompatible <i>Brassica campestris</i> var. <i>Brown sarson</i>

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Existence of Two Cytotypes of <i>Peganum harmala</i> L. in Kashmir Himalaya and Ladakh Trans Himalaya of India

Existence of Two Cytotypes of <i>Peganum harmala</i> L. in Kashmir Himalaya and Ladakh Trans Himalaya of India

Polyploidy effects on frost tolerance and winter survival of garden pansy genotypes

Host expansion in a specialist herbivore is facilitated by whole‐genome duplication in the host plant

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