Studies on the feeding value of agro-industrial by-products: Strategies for improving the utilisation of cocoa-pod-based diets by ruminants

Smith, O.B.; Osafo, E.L.K.; Adegbola, A.A.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(88)90043-0

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The profile of components quantity during the characterization of the for cocoa husk clone CCN-51 is summarized in the Table 1. The values of moisture, fat, protein, ash, fiber and carbohydrates were similar to those reported for other authors [8], that characterizes the husk of a Brazilian clone, with some differences, which could be attributed to several factors, as agronomic and environmental conditions and the physiological and genetic diversity [36]. Related to the total polyphenol content (TPC), the value determined in this work was 1.56 times greater than reported in Ecuador [37] and 1.22 times lower than that quantified for husks of Brazilian clones [7].…”

Section: Characterization Of Cocoa Husksupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Also at the global level, it is expected that each ton of dry grain will generate 10 tons of husk on wet basis [7]. Some studies mainly in Brazil, Ecuador, Malaysia and Spain have taken advantage of the content of dietary fiber and protein from the husk of cocoa for: i) the formulation of feed for animal consumption [8], ii) recovery of pectins [9] and sugars [10], and iii) the obtaining of adsorbent layers [11] to remove pollutants from water sources. However, the literature has reported limited information about obtaining extracts with nutritional and functional value from cocoa husk using SFE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical extraction of bioactive compounds from Cocoa husk: study of the main parameters

Pico-Hernández

Jaimes-Estévez

López-Giraldo

et al. 2019

Rev.Fac.Ing.Univ.Antioquia

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Cocoa is a product of natural origin rich in polyphenols, mainly procyanidins and flavan-3-ols, which has a high antioxidant power. Its regular consumption brings positive health effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diameter of particle, extraction time, temperature, pressure and ethanol concentration in the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bioactive compounds from cocoa husk. This work was developed in two stages. The first stage was aimed to study the impact of the particle size and extraction time. Extractions were carried out under constant conditions. Once particle size and extraction time were defined, it gave way to the second stage, where the effect of three levels of temperature (308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K), pressure (10, 15 and 20 MPa) and concentration of ethanol (2, 11, and 20% ethanol) were evaluated. The results of this study suggest that particle sizes less than 0.26mm and extraction times exceeding 147min could increase the total polyphenol content (TPC). Finally, a multivariate statistical analysis was developed, showing that the most favorable conditions for obtaining extracts rich in polyphenols corresponded to 308.15K, 20MPa and 20% ethanol, under which the TPC was 35.11(±1.57)EAGmg/LEg, a total flavan-3-oles content (TFC) of 12.89 (±0.51)EEPmg/gLE and total carotenoids content (TCC) of 64.35(±1.54)EBC mg/gLE. The results obtained suggest that SFE favors the extraction of apolar compounds (carotenoids) from cocoa husk. Likewise, for the optimal extraction point, husk cocoa showed antioxidant capacity of 489.58μmol ET/LEg.

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Section: Characterization Of Cocoa Husksupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical extraction of bioactive compounds from Cocoa husk: study of the main parameters

Pico-Hernández

Jaimes-Estévez

López-Giraldo

et al. 2019

Rev.Fac.Ing.Univ.Antioquia

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“…Tuah [ 47 ] also observed an insigni fi cant increase in the in vitro dry-matter digestibility of CPH after NaOH (5%) pretreatment. Smith et al [ 39 ] used different concentrations of CPH ash solutions as their alkaline agent to treat CPH and observed a linear increase in the rumen degradability of CPH. The authors also reported that the improvement in rumen degradability was similar to that obtained by using NaOH solutions of equivalent alkalinity.…”

Section: Improving the Feeding Value Of Cphmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cocoa and Its By-Products: Identification and Utilization

Oddoye

Agyente-Badu

Gyedu‐Akoto

2012

Chocolate in Health and Nutrition

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“…The practice of incorporating cocoa pod husk meal in various animal diets has been reported [13,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. Accordingly, Smith, et al [26] reported that sun-dried cocoa beans contain 0.70 percent sugar, 0.70 percent starch, 1.70 percent theobromine (an alkaloid), 6.70 percent protein and 50 -55 percent pale yellow, non -drying fat known as cocoa butter. The cocoa bean testa has been used successfully in feeding trials for small ruminants without adverse effects on performance characteristics [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Performance and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility Coefficients of Weaned Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Different Forms of Cocoa Pod Husk Meal

Ozung

Oko

Agiang

et al. 2017

Agriculture and Food Sciences Research

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The growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients of weaned rabbits fed corn-soybean meal basal diets containing different forms of cocoa pod husk meal were determined. A total of 60 mixed breed rabbits of both sexes (30 bucks and 30 does) with average initial weight of 606.42±1.30g were used in a nine week feeding trial using a completely randomized design. Twelve is nitrogenous and is caloric diets were formulated containing sundried (T1 T2, T3 & T4), fermented (T5 T6, T7 & T8), and hot-water treated (T9 T10, T11 & T12) cocoa pod husk meal (CPHM) each at 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5% levels of inclusion, respectively. Diet with 0% CPHM served as the control in the different forms of the cocoa pod husk meal based diets. Growth performance parameters (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio) were determined, while apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were determined at the 9th week using the direct in vivo method. The digestibility coefficients were calculated using appropriate formula. Results of the study revealed that the final weight, total weight gain and average daily feed intake recorded significant (P<0.05) differences between dietary treatments. When compared with values in the control, diets with the highest inclusion level (37.5%) CPHM had the least total weight gain with the sundried, fermented and hot-water treated groups having 557.50, 570.83 and 390.00 g/rabbit respectively. The average daily feed intake declined with increasing levels of sundried CPHM (i.e. 66.94, 62.56, 59.27 and 52.98 g/rabbit/day, respectively). The hot-water treated CPHM diets recorded the worst FCR beyond 12.5% level when compared with other forms of CPHM. Some of the apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients for ash and NFE recorded significant (P<0.05) differences between dietary treatments, while crude protein, crude fibre and ether extract digestibility coefficients were statistically similar across dietary treatments in all the three forms of CPHM. The sundried CPHM had the least digestible crude protein (75.07%) at the highest inclusion level (37.5%). The study concludes that the three different forms of cocoa pod husk meal in the following order of superiority (fermented, hot-water treated and sundried) can be included in diets meant for rabbits at levels not exceeding 25% for optimum growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients .

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Studies on the feeding value of agro-industrial by-products: Strategies for improving the utilisation of cocoa-pod-based diets by ruminants

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Supercritical extraction of bioactive compounds from Cocoa husk: study of the main parameters

Supercritical extraction of bioactive compounds from Cocoa husk: study of the main parameters

Cocoa and Its By-Products: Identification and Utilization

Growth Performance and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility Coefficients of Weaned Rabbits Fed Diets Containing Different Forms of Cocoa Pod Husk Meal

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