Studies on the Importance of Wild Beet as a Source of Pathogens for the Sugar‐beet Crop

Gibbs, Adrian

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1960.tb03578.x

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…maritima L.), which often grows along the river estuaries in Essex and Suffolk near sugar-beet and mangold crops. This weed has been recognized previously as a potential source of SBYV infection (Blencowe, 1957;Gibbs, 1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some factors affecting the relative incidence, distribution and importance of beet yellows virus and sugar‐beet mild yellowing virus in eastern England, 1955‐62

Russell

1963

Annals of Applied Biology

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S U M M A R YSugar-beet mild yellowing virus (SBMYV) was much more common than beet yellows virus (SBYV) in beet in south-eastern England during 1961 and. SBYV strains and strain-mixtures, typical of those in East Anglia between 1958 and 1961, decreased sugar yield of a commercial sugar-beet variety inoculated in the field slightly more than did SBMYV isolates. Simultaneous inoculation with SBYV and SBMYV decreased yield more than did either virus alone. SBMYV probably caused about three times as much sugar loss as SBYV in England during 1961 and about ten times as much during 1962. Aphis fabae Scop. did not transmit SBMYV from sugar beet to sugar beet or to Claytonia perfoliata and this aphid seems not to spread SBMYV in the field. The surveys of 1955-62 showed that S B W is common in most years only in parts of Essex and Suffolk; it is suggested that the main overwintering sources of SBYV were confined to those areas, where Beta maritima is probably an important source of S B W . The sources of SBMYV were probably very much more widespread and numerous. The facts that SBMYV persists longer than SBYV in Myxus persicae Sulz. and is not lost during moulting apparently also favour the wider distribution of this virus. I N T R O D U C T I O NFrom 1955 to 1960, annual surveys were made in south-eastern England to determine the relative prevalence of beet yellows virus (SBW) and sugar-beet mild yellowing virus (SBMW) in the sugar-beet root crop (Russell, 1958(Russell, , 1960 . In 1955, 1957 and 1959, most infections were by SBYV but in 1956, 1958 S B M W was the more common cause of yellowing. In each year, S B W was more common in Essex, Suffolk and south Cambridgeshire than elsewhere. The results of similar surveys during 1961 and 1962 are reported in this paper, which also discusses the relative economic importance of the two viruses and possible reasons for changes in their incidence and distribution. A N D 1962 SURVEYS-METHODS A N D R E S U L T SThe method used to estimate the prevalence of SBYV and SBMYV in 1961 and 1962 were as already described (Russell, 1960). In each field visited, at least thirty yellowed plants were examined to determine whether they were infected with SBYV,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some factors affecting the relative incidence, distribution and importance of beet yellows virus and sugar‐beet mild yellowing virus in eastern England, 1955‐62

Russell

1963

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…The relative importance of different over-wintering sources of beet viruses in the U.K. is uncertain (see Gibbs, 1960;Ribbands, 1964; Heathcote et al 1965; Russell, 1965 a, b) ; however, it is indisputable that aphid-infested mangold clamps, although fewer in recent years than previously (Dunning, 1965), are a source of aphids and viruses for sugar-beet and mangold crops. The incidence of virus in plants growing near infested clamps lessens with distance from the clamps; this is true not only of the non-persistent BMV, but also of the semi-persistent BYV and the persistent BMYV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphids from mangold clamps and their importance as vectors of beet viruses

Heathcote

Cockbain

1966

Annals of Applied Biology

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Mangold clamps are over-wintering sources of the aphid-transmitted beet mosaic, beet yellows and beet mild yellowing viruses, and of several species of aphid, three of the most common in clamps being Myxuspersicae, Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae tulipaellus and R. latysiphon. This study attempted to assess the relative importance of the different species in spreading viruses from clamps. Compared with M. persicae, R. s. tulipaellus and R. latysiphon are seldom trapped in flight, except near large infestations. Alatae of M. persicae and N. s. tulipaellus become common in clamps in April, but few fly below 15' C., a temperature seldom reached in eastern England in early spring. Flight muscle autolysis, which occurs later in R. s. tulipaellus and R. latysiphon than

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“…and downy mildew ( Peronospora schachtii Fuckel), respectively, were found to be common in sea beet growing on the seashores of southern Wales and southern England. In early spring, the viruses infecting the overwintering beets are easily transmitted by aphids into the cultivated beet fi elds ( Gibbs 1960 ).…”

Section: Other Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses

Biancardi¹,

Panella²,

Lewellen³

2011

Beta Maritima

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The many uses of the different parts of Beta maritima harvested in the wild are listed and described. Although eaten as a potherb before recorded history, most of our information about the uses of sea beet, and beets in general, is as a medicinal herb because this was the interest of most of the ancient authors who wrote about plants. Many of these medicinal uses have lost their importance with the advances of medical science. Nonetheless, sea beets (and other beets) are still used in homeopathic remedies and have a number of useful qualities, both for the smooth function of the digestive tract and to prevent disease.

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Studies on the Importance of Wild Beet as a Source of Pathogens for the Sugar‐beet Crop

Abstract: Beet yellows virus, beet mosaic virus, rust (Uromyces betae (Pers) Lev.), and downy mildew (Peronospora schachtii Fuckel.) were found to be common in wild beet (Beta vulgaris s.-sp. maritima L.) growing on the foreshores of south

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Some factors affecting the relative incidence, distribution and importance of beet yellows virus and sugar‐beet mild yellowing virus in eastern England, 1955‐62

Some factors affecting the relative incidence, distribution and importance of beet yellows virus and sugar‐beet mild yellowing virus in eastern England, 1955‐62

Aphids from mangold clamps and their importance as vectors of beet viruses

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