Studies on the Intrapulmonary Mixture of Gases. Iii. An Open Circuit Method for Measuring Residual Air

Darling, R. Clement; Cournand, André; Richards, Dickinson W.

doi:10.1172/jci101163

Cited by 258 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Personnel, technique, procedures and calibration were standardized (7,(20)(21)(22). The reported values are the mean of at least three acceptable determinations which agreed within 10% of the largest value.…”

Section: Static Lung Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported values are the mean of at least three acceptable determinations which agreed within 10% of the largest value. A minimum of 10 min was allowed to elapse between determinations since this period is considered adequate to restore the normal lung N 2 concentration (20). All tests were performed in the same laboratory at a barometric pressure of 685-699 mmHg, temperature between 22-28 o C and altitude of 680 m above sea level (São Paulo, Southeast Brazil).…”

Section: Static Lung Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reference values for lung function tests: I. Static volumes

Neder

Andreoni

Castelo-Filho

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

256

175

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Static lung volume (LV) measurements have a number of clinical and research applications; however, no previous studies have provided reference values for such tests using a healthy sample of the adult Brazilian population. With this as our main purpose, we prospectively evaluated 100 non-smoking subjects (50 males and 50 females), 20 to 80 years old, randomly selected from more than 8,000 individuals. Gender-specific linear prediction equations were developed by multiple regression analysis with total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), RV/TLC ratio and inspiratory capacity (IC) as dependent variables, and with age, height, weight, lean body mass and indexes of physical fitness as independent ones. Simpler demographic and anthropometric variables were as useful as more complex measurements in predicting LV values, independent of gender and age (R 2 values ranging from 0.49 to 0.78, P<0.001). Interestingly, prediction equations from North American and European studies overestimated the LV at low volumes and underestimated them at high volumes (P<0.05). Our results, therefore, provide a more appropriate frame of reference to evaluate the normalcy of static lung volume values in Brazilian males and females aged 20 to 80 years.

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Section: Static Lung Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Static Lung Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for lung function tests: I. Static volumes

Neder

Andreoni

Castelo-Filho

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

256

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The N 2 washout method for measuring lung volumes was developed into a clinical technique by DARLING and co-workers [23][24][25] in a series of papers published in 1940. The principle of the technique is that N 2 is washed out of the body by having the subject breathe 100% oxygen, starting the first inspiration of O 2 from FRC.…”

Section: Frc Measured By Nitrogen Washout (Frcn 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue excretion rates of N 2 were measured in normal individuals, who had first hyperventilated to remove alveolar nitrogen stores [24], and were then applied in the above equation. DARLING and co-workers [24,25] assumed from their normal subjects that the total N 2 eliminated from the tissue stores during 7 min of O 2 breathing was approximately 220 mL, and made no adjustments for body weight in their subsequent patients. Estimated alveolar N 2 concentrations were measured at the beginning and end of expired gas collection during a forced exhalation.…”

Section: Frc Measured By Nitrogen Washout (Frcn 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-breath nitrogen washout techniques: including measurements with patients on ventilators

Newth¹,

Enright²,

Johnson³

1997

Eur Respir J

139

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“…In 1940 DARLING et al [39] substituted on open circuit (washing out progressively the alveolar nitrogen by inspiring pure oxygen) to the closed rebreathing circuit technique for measuring residual air. Their major arguments were the following: 1) the inspiratory gas mixture is always changing and the discrepancies due to poor mixing are not corrected by oxygen replacement; 2) the exact calculation of the oxygen absorbed is difficult; 3) the net change in the nitrogen concentration is low, so that any error in measurement, results in a large error in calculation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How the measurement of residual volume developed after Davy (1800)

2000

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H. Davy measured the residual volume of his own lungs in 1800, by inhaling a hydrogen mixture contained in a mercurial air holder. Using the same principle, Nestor Gréhant determined the functional residual capacity, and the volume of the dead space, in 1864. Both used a forced breathing method, that was substituted by a prolonged dilution method by D.D. Van Slyke and C.A.L. Binger in 1923. It was in 1941 that G.R. Meneely and M.L. Kaltreider replaced hydrogen with helium. The open circuit nitrogen washout method was proposed by R.E. Darling, A. Cournand and D.W. Richards in 1940, and the body plethysmograph by A.B. DuBois et al. in 1956. So the three methods, still in common use today for measuring the static lung volumes, had been described by the mid‐1950s.

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Studies on the Intrapulmonary Mixture of Gases. Iii. An Open Circuit Method for Measuring Residual Air

Cited by 258 publications

References 3 publications

Reference values for lung function tests: I. Static volumes

Reference values for lung function tests: I. Static volumes

Multiple-breath nitrogen washout techniques: including measurements with patients on ventilators

How the measurement of residual volume developed after Davy (1800)

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