Studies on the phytotoxic effects of some organotin(IV) compounds on the germination of the mung bean seed, Phaseolus aureus

Abstract

A selected range of organotin(1V) compounds of formula R,SnX,-, (x=2 or 3; R=alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl), as well as the adducts, (p-ZC,H,),SnCI. Ph,PO (Z= H, Me) were examined in vivo for their phytotoxic effects relative to the more powerful s-triazine herbicides against the mung bean seed, Phaseofus aureus. Phytotoxicity was assessed in terms of changes in (a) weights of primary leaves, (b) weights of cotyledons, (c) seedling heights and (d) root morphology. The triorganotin compounds were more phytotoxic than the diorganotins, and within the R,Sn structural class, inhibitory potency was greater for alkyltins than for aryltins. Decreasing the alkyl chain lengths or placing electrondonating substituents on the aromatic rings increased the phytotoxicity. A significant phytotoxic effect, comparable with that of Ph,SnCI, was manifested by tricyclohexyltin chloride, in marked contrast to the well-known low phytotoxicity of tricyclohexyltin hydroxide.Using Ph,SnCI as the model compound, it was further demonstrated that the total chlorophyll content decreased with increasing concentrations of Ph,SnCl, but the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b was constant. It was also found that tin uptake in the seedlings was directly proportional to Ph,SnCI test concentrations; the magnesium and iron levels in the treated seedlings, however, were unchanged relative to the control.

Speciation of phenyltin(IV) compounds using high‐performance liquid chromatography: Part 1. The direct analysis of mixed standard solutions of tetraphenyltin, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide and triphenyltin acetate

“…For this purpose, Ph 3 SnOH was admixed with tris(p-chlorophenyl)tin hydroxide and diphenyl(pchlorophenyl)tin hydroxide and the mixture analysed. The chloro-substituted phenyltin compounds were chosen on account of their reported lower phytotoxicity, 24 superior antifungal activity 25 and reduced genotoxic potential (Table 5). Reducing the water content to 2% permitted faster retention times inside 4 min; good resolution was also obtained, as exemplified by the chromatogram depicted in Fig.…”

“…For this purpose, Ph 3 SnOH was admixed with tris(p-chlorophenyl)tin hydroxide and diphenyl(pchlorophenyl)tin hydroxide and the mixture analysed. The chloro-substituted phenyltin compounds were chosen on account of their reported lower phytotoxicity, 24 superior antifungal activity 25 and reduced genotoxic potential 26 compared with Ph 3 SnOH. The binary 90:10 (v/v) aceto-nitrile±water mobile phase enabled excellent resolution of the compounds (Table 5).…”

Tributyltin and triphenyltin uptake by lettuce

“…Some experimental results show that the toxicity of TBT and TPhT is in relation to their octanol-water partitioning coefficient (K OW ) and nature of soil particles (Arnold et al, 1997). Several other research works have established the toxicity of both trisubstituted species on beans (Balabaskaran et al, 1987). Some papers have confirmed TPhT phytotoxicity in algae and aquatic plants (Song and Huang, 2001;Mooney and Patching, 2005).…”