Studies on the properties of polypropylene/(waste tire dust)/kenaf (PP/WTD/KNF) composites with addition of phthalic anhydride (PA) as a function of KNF loading

Abstract

The properties of polypropylene/(waste tire dust)/kenaf (PP/WTD/KNF) composites with the addition of phthalic anhydride (PA) as a function of KNF loading were studied. Composites containing constant PP and WTD compositions of 70 and 30 parts by weight per hundred parts of resin (phr), with various KNF loadings (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr), were prepared by using a Thermo-Haake Polydrive internal mixer at a temperature of 180 C with a rotor speed of 50 rpm. The results showed that tensile strength and elongation at break decreased, while tensile modulus, stabilization torque, water absorption, and thermal stability increased with increased KNF loading. PP/WTD/KNF composites with PA showed higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, and water uptake but lower stabilization torque and elongation at break when compared with PP/WTD/KNF composites. Scanning electron microscopy morphological study on the tensile fractured surface proves that the interfacial adhesion between PP/ WTD and KNF was enhanced with the addition of PA. J.VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL.,

Poly(butylene succinate -co- butylene adipate)/cellulose nanocrystal composites modified with phthalic anhydride

“…After this modification, the number average molecular weight of PLA was sharply decreased from 4.5×10 -4 g·mol -1 to 2.71×10 4 g·mol -1 , and the mechanical properties became worse. Actually, PA was added into the matrices of polypropylene/waste tire dust (PP/WTD) matrices reinforced by kenaf (KNF) and enhanced the interfacial adhesion between PP/WTD matrices and KNF, which resulted in higher tensile strength and modulus of the composites (Pang, & Ismail, 2014). Similar works were also tried in soy protein (Guo, et al, 2015), high density polyethylene/wood fiber composites (Hanif, Supri, & Zainuddin, 2015) and soy protein isolate/kapok husk biofilm (Sellivam, et al, 2015).…”

“…Beside the field of traditional polymers (Iyer, Schueneman, & Torkelson, 2015;Mariano, E. I. Kissi, & Dufresne, 2015;Bettaieb, Khiari, Dufresne, Mhenni, & Belgacem, 2015). CNC is mostly used as a filler to enhance a wide range of bio-based polymers for the need of pro-environment (Zhe, Hongyang, Hsiao, & Chu, 2014;Pinheiro, Morales, & Mei, 2006;Fukuya, Senoo, Kotera, & Yoshimoto, 2014;Montes, et al, 2015;Fortunati, et al, 2015). For example, CNC act as a nucleating agent in the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix, accelerating the crystallization, which contributes to improve the thermal stability of nanocomposites (Lizundia, Vilas, & León, 2015).…”

Tensile Properties, Water Resistance, and Thermal Properties of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Kenaf Composites: Effect of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl Methacrylate (TMS) as a Silane Coupling Agent

“…Increasing interest in the use of natural fibers comes from their relatively low cost, biodegradability, and availability (Akil et al 2011;Pua et al 2013), resulting in products that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fiber is frequently used in polymer composites Rohani et al 2010;Pang and Ismail 2014;Saba et al 2015). Kenaf absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, and it absorbs carbon dioxide at a high rate (Akil et al 2011;Nurfatimah et al 2014).…”

“…Many different chemical modifications of natural fiber/polymer composites have been studied (Malkapuram et al 2009;Pang and Ismail 2014).…”

Effect of soil burial on silane treated and untreated kenaf fiber filled linear low-density polyethylene/polyvinyl alcohol composites

“…One of the natural fibers that has gained popularity among researchers is kenaf fibers (John et al 2010;Ramesh 2016). The massive growth on the development of kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites can be attributed to the fact that kenaf has high specific mechanical properties, and it is lightweight, less costly, and able to degrade in different environments (Sapuan et al 2013;Pang and Ismail 2014;Surip et al 2016). Additionally, kenaf fiber based composites have been an attractive alternative particularly in industrialized applications such as automobile (interior panels, package trays, dashboard covering and headliners), food packaging (wrapping films, bags and containers), furniture (particle or fiber boards, composite chair and table), paper production, textile, etc.…”