Mutation breeding, optimum mutation rate, optimum mutagen dose .
SUMMARYOptimum mutation rates for practical purposes were discussed based on the theoretically derived formulae, and mutagen doses giving the optimum mutation rates were estimated from the experiments reported hitherto . It was suggested that in cereal crops such as rice and barley, considerably low mutation rates as with the mutagen doses lower than 5 kR of y or X rays and 2% •h of EMS are appropriate for obtaining directly applicable mutants . High mutation rates seem to be limited to the production of some rare breeding stocks .