Studies on the Relationship Between Motility and Absorption in the Human Small Intestine

Cummins, Alvin J.; Almy, Thomas P.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(53)80031-4

Cited by 60 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies on correlation between intestinal absorption and motility did not demonstrate any inhibitory effect of hypomotility on sugar absorption. Cummins and Almy (1953) failed to alter, by using banthine, the glucose tolerance test when glucose was introduced in the duodenum, and Fordtran, Soergel, and Ingelfinger (1962) found that atropinization increased the intestinal absorption of xylose. Groissier and Farrar (1960) conclude that hypomotility probably does not play a critical role in the absorption of isotopic sodium in the normal small intestine, although Higgins, Code, and Orvis (1956) found rather opposite results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of glucose, sodium, and water by the human jejunum studied by intestinal perfusion with a proximal occluding balloon and at variable flow rates

Modigliani¹,

Bernier²

1971

Gut

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY A perfusion technique with a proximal occluding balloon has been used to study the absorption of glucose, sodium, and water from the human jejunum at different rates of flow. The absorption of glucose and water was significantly higher with the balloon deflated than inflated, probably because of reflux of infused solution above the point of infusion. Above the inflated balloon 0 to 4.2 ml/min of endogenous secretions could be recovered. Increasing flow rates increase the glucose absorption rate; a single relationship could be found between the glucose load and glucose absorption rate, and single values for the maximum velocity and for the half saturating load were calculated whatever the infusing rate and the initial glucose concentration. The stimulating effect of glucose on water and sodium movement increases gradually when the initial Sugar concentration varies from 14 to 133 mM/1. Above this concentration a drop in water and sodium movement is observed, although the initial sodium concentration is kept constant. High flow rate3 result in a decrease of water absorption and an increase in sodium and potassium secretion rates.Intestinal perfusion techniques have been widely used to study the absorption of sugars, water, and electrolytes in man (Holdsworth and Dawson, 1964;Gray and Ingelfinger, 1966; Whalen, Harris, Geenen, and Soergel, 1966;McMichael, Webb, and Dawson, 1967;Fordtran, Rector, and Carter, 1968). Neverthtless a controversy still persists about the use of a double or a triple lumen tube (Sladen and Dawson, 1968;Fordtran, 1969). Moreover, although a recent paper deals with the effects of flow rates on the absorption of glucose (Sladen and Dawson, 1969b), the exact consequences of varying flow rates have not yet been reported, especially with regard to the kinetics of glucose absorption and the movement of water and electrolytes. The present study was undertaken to investigate these two problems further. MethodsTwenty-nine subjects, aged between 25 and 65 years, were studied. They were either patients with minor

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of glucose, sodium, and water by the human jejunum studied by intestinal perfusion with a proximal occluding balloon and at variable flow rates

Modigliani¹,

Bernier²

1971

Gut

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Uyeyama et al (1953) showed that human patients with functional hypermotility of the alimentary tract absorbed vitamin A and methionine normally but galactose three times faster than normal individuals. Cummins and Almy (1953) observed that increased intestinal motility was correlated with an increased absorption rate of glucose and methionine in humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Transit and Skeletal Retention of Radioactive Strontium90-Yttrium90 in the Chick ,

1956

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T HE transit rate of feedstuffs through the intestinal tract of the fowl has been studied at periodic intervals during the past 50 years. These studies usually reported the time required for feed to pass from the crop to the vent or for a given amount of feed to leave the crop. Brown (1904) measured the time required for crop emptying when different amounts of whole corn and oats were fed. He found that increasing the crop load with either grain resulted in a prolonged emptying time. Card et al. (1926), using mature hens starved for 24 hours, observed that more time was required for crop emptying when ground corn or tankage was fed than whole corn. Kaupp and Ivey (1923), using lampblack, measured the transit time of this dye through the alimentary tract of the fowl and found that growing birds and laying hens had a much faster transit time than did broody hens. Heuser (1945) observed that transit from the crop was influenced by the crop load, which is in agreement with the findings of Brown (1904). He also noted that mash passed at a faster rate than grains, and wet mash faster than a dry mash. The latter would indicate that

show abstract

“…Both these methods can be criticised as methods of assessment of an anticholinergic agent because the response to a meal is partially under chemical and partially under vagal control (Woodward, Lyon, Landor, and Dragstedt, 1954) and there is no evidence to show that there is a correlation between anticholinergic-induced hypomotility and sucrose absorption. Giving doses of Banthine that inhibited bowel motility, as shown by balloon observations, and produced marked side-effects, Cummins and Almy (1953) found that the adsorption of glucose was not affected. The maximum dose recommended by the manufacturers is three tablets, with one tablet as the usual dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A comparison of a series of newer anticholinergic agents with atropine as regards their effect on saliva flow and gastric secretion in man

Piper¹,

Stiel²

1962

Gut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SYNOPSISThe effect of anticholinergic agents-atropine, propantheline, oxyphencyclimine, and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate-on saliva flow and on hypoglycaemic stimulated gastric secretion has been studied. The acid secretion of the nervous phase of gastric secretion was inhibited by anticholinergic drugs. They influenced gastric secretion to a greater extent than saliva flow.Both propantheline and oxyphencyclimine have a selective action on the stomach superior to atropine. Propionyl atropine methyl nitrate appears to have only weak anticholinergic activity in the dose recommended and is not superior to atropine.Anticholinergic drugs are widely used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and with this aim new preparations are constantly being produced. One of the advantages over atropine claimed for the newer preparations is that they produce fewer side-effects, which implies that they have a selective action on the stomach. Apart from one French study (Lieber, 1956) that showed that the more recently developed preparations were inferior to atropine in this respect, there is no work in man, supported by the quantitative determination of their effect on gastric secretion and of their side-effects, comparing atropine with the newer anticholinergic agents.Because of the importance of whether or not the newer drugs have a selective action on the stomach, the present study was undertaken. Atropine and three new preparations (propantheline, oxyphencyclimine, and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate) were compared as regards their effect on saliva flow and on hypoglycaemic stimulated gastric secretion. METHODFor several reasons it was not possible to determine both responses in the same group of patients. Consequently one group of volunteers was studied as regards saliva flow and a second group as regards gastric secretion; the results were then analysed statistically.Saliva flow was stimulated by chewing. Gum devoid of the outer flavoured coat was used; the gum was chewed for 10 minutes and the volume of saliva secreted measured.Three control readings were taken and subsequently readings at hourly intervals after the administration of the drug until saliva flow returned to normal. Side-effects, particularly the presence of a dry mouth, blurred vision, or difficulty in micturition were noted. The volunteers used in this study were members of the resident medical staff; seven such studies were made.The effect on gastric secretion was determined using hypoglycaemic stimulated secretion. For this, patients having insulin coma therapy for psychiatric reasons were used. After fasting, the drug was given between 6.30 a.m. and 6.45 a.m. followed by a large dose of insulin (the dosage ranged between 200 and 1,600 units). The patient went into coma two to two and a half hours after the administration of insulin and spent one hour in coma. Coma was considered to be present when the patient no longer responded to painful stimuli and extensor plantar responses were present. It had previously been determined that under these conditions c...

show abstract

Studies on the Relationship Between Motility and Absorption in the Human Small Intestine

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Absorption of glucose, sodium, and water by the human jejunum studied by intestinal perfusion with a proximal occluding balloon and at variable flow rates

Absorption of glucose, sodium, and water by the human jejunum studied by intestinal perfusion with a proximal occluding balloon and at variable flow rates

Intestinal Transit and Skeletal Retention of Radioactive Strontium90-Yttrium90 in the Chick ,

A comparison of a series of newer anticholinergic agents with atropine as regards their effect on saliva flow and gastric secretion in man

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About