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SYNOPSISThe effect of anticholinergic agents-atropine, propantheline, oxyphencyclimine, and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate-on saliva flow and on hypoglycaemic stimulated gastric secretion has been studied. The acid secretion of the nervous phase of gastric secretion was inhibited by anticholinergic drugs. They influenced gastric secretion to a greater extent than saliva flow.Both propantheline and oxyphencyclimine have a selective action on the stomach superior to atropine. Propionyl atropine methyl nitrate appears to have only weak anticholinergic activity in the dose recommended and is not superior to atropine.Anticholinergic drugs are widely used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and with this aim new preparations are constantly being produced. One of the advantages over atropine claimed for the newer preparations is that they produce fewer side-effects, which implies that they have a selective action on the stomach. Apart from one French study (Lieber, 1956) that showed that the more recently developed preparations were inferior to atropine in this respect, there is no work in man, supported by the quantitative determination of their effect on gastric secretion and of their side-effects, comparing atropine with the newer anticholinergic agents.Because of the importance of whether or not the newer drugs have a selective action on the stomach, the present study was undertaken. Atropine and three new preparations (propantheline, oxyphencyclimine, and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate) were compared as regards their effect on saliva flow and on hypoglycaemic stimulated gastric secretion. METHODFor several reasons it was not possible to determine both responses in the same group of patients. Consequently one group of volunteers was studied as regards saliva flow and a second group as regards gastric secretion; the results were then analysed statistically.Saliva flow was stimulated by chewing. Gum devoid of the outer flavoured coat was used; the gum was chewed for 10 minutes and the volume of saliva secreted measured.Three control readings were taken and subsequently readings at hourly intervals after the administration of the drug until saliva flow returned to normal. Side-effects, particularly the presence of a dry mouth, blurred vision, or difficulty in micturition were noted. The volunteers used in this study were members of the resident medical staff; seven such studies were made.The effect on gastric secretion was determined using hypoglycaemic stimulated secretion. For this, patients having insulin coma therapy for psychiatric reasons were used. After fasting, the drug was given between 6.30 a.m. and 6.45 a.m. followed by a large dose of insulin (the dosage ranged between 200 and 1,600 units). The patient went into coma two to two and a half hours after the administration of insulin and spent one hour in coma. Coma was considered to be present when the patient no longer responded to painful stimuli and extensor plantar responses were present. It had previously been determined that under these conditions c...

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Although the macromolecular components of human saliva have been studied by means of electrophoresis (4,6,7,11,12,18, 19, 20,21,24,26,32,34,35), analytical ultracentrifugation (26) and column chromatography (25), the results have been variable and somewhat inconsistent. Immunochemical techniques, notably immunoelectrophoresis with antihuman serum antiserum, have also been used (5,8,9,22). These studies indicate the presence of several plasma proteins in saliva. Rabbit anti-human saliva serum has also been employed, but the resolution in previous immunoelectrophoretic studies (5, 10) has been inferior to that obtained in conventional zone electrophoresis (6, 26,34).We have used rabbit anti-human saliva serum in earlier studies (14, 28) mainly to investigate the occurrence of common antigens in different body fluids. In the present study rabbit anti-saliva serum has been employed to develop immunoelec-trophoretic patterns of whole, parotid and submaxillary saliva. Some of the components in the resulting patterns were identified. Materials and MethodsSaliva. Whole saliva was collected by having healthy laboratory personnel chew paraffin. The collection period was half an hour. The samples were immediately cleared by centrifugation at +4"C, and were then treated separately or pooled, depending on the purpose. After centrifugation, the saliva was concentrated twentyfold by ultrafiltration at + 4°C. The concentrate was used for the immunizations and electrophoretic fractionations.Parotid saliva was obtained with modified Lashley cups (3). Submaxillary saliva was secured by placing a suction cup over the orifice of the submaxillary duct. The secretion of saliva was stimulated by instilling dilute acetic acid into the mouth. These two secretions were then concentrated by ultrafiltration in the cold. Before electrophoresis, all the samples were dialyzed at +4"C against the electrophoresis buffer.The protein content of the concentrated saliva samples was assayed by the method of Lowry 17 257

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