The electrophoresis of human gastric juice: Part I In normal controls

Piper, D. W.; Stiel, Mirjam C.; Builder, Janet E.

doi:10.1136/gut.3.4.349

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…interestingly, showed an almost identical pattern with one of those demonstrated in normal gastric juice by Piper et al (1962) who themselves performed the analysis. They also demonstrated a persistent albumin content of 44% of the protein of the mucus.…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

“…Accordingly a number of studies on the mucus, urine, and blood of this patient were performed, and the results of two of these studies are shown in Table I (Frye, 1959) which is interesting in view of the steady loss of alkaline fluid and may reflect depletion of body potassium. A great deal of work has been done on the protein (Piper, Stiel, and Builder, 1962) and enzymatic content (Piper, personal communication) of gastric juice in normal people and in conditions such as gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Accordingly, protein and enzyme estimations were performed on the tumour mucus, which had not been done before.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A mucus-secreting villous adenoma of the rectum

Rowe¹

1964

Gut

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EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This is a detailed study on the protein, electrolyte, and enzymatic output of a mucus-secreting villous adenoma of the rectum in a patient who was admitted desperately ill as a result of the loss of electrolytes.There have been sufficient case reports in the literature (McKittrick and Wheelock, 1954;Fitzgerald, 1955;Starr, Mueller and McKittrick, 1956;Cooling and Marrack, 1957;Gutierrez Blanco, 1957;Goldgraber and Kirsner, 1958;Jordan and Erickson, 1958;Frye, 1959;Hoffman, 1959;Mayfield and Milnor, 1959;Roy and Ellis, 1959;Walters, Monks, and Chitty, 1959;Rudman, Otto, and Novota, 1960;Findlay and O'Connor, 1961;Shnitka, Friedman, Kidd, and MacKenzie, 1961;Davis, Seavey, and Sessions, 1962;Magness, Spier, and Murray, 1962;Rabinowitz, Farber, and Friedman, 1962;Wells, Morgan and Cooper, 1962) In September 1945 he had undergone resection of the caecum, ascending colon, and terminal ileum for a mucoid adenocarcinoma of the caecum. Three weeks postoperatively he had begun to pass small quantities of mucus per rectum but, assuming this to be a normal sequel to his operation, failed to report it to his doctor. Over the next 17 years he remained perfectly well, except that he continued to pass ever-increasing quantities of rectal mucus.His admission to hospital was finally precipitated by an acute influenzal illness in which he was anorexic to the extent that he did not take any food or fluid for three days at the same time continuing to pass large quantities of rectal mucus.At the time of admission to hospital no history of abnormal fluid loss was obtained or volunteered and the patient was treated with 2 litres of intravenous normal saline which resulted in a dramatic clinical improvement.The haematocrit was 58%, haemoglobin 13-5%, white cell count 13,000/c.mm. (67 % neutrophils, 18 % lymphocytes, 7 % monocytes, and 8 % band forms); serum electrolytes, (sodium 120 mEq./l., potassium 2-8 mEq./l., calcium 4-7 mEq./l ., phosphorus 1-4 mEq./I., bicarbonate 16 mEq./1); blood sugar 100 mg. %, blood urea 180 mg. % serum bilirubin 0 3 mg. %; serum proteins 7-4 g. % (albumin 3-8 g. %, globulin 3-6 g. %); alkaline phosphatase 8.5 King-Armstrong units.The patient was therefore dehydrated, hyponatraemic, hypohalaemic, hypochloraemic, hypocalcaemic, acidotic, and uraemic. At this stage the history was obtained of the loss of mucus per rectum. Sigmoidoscopy revealed, and biopsy confirmed, the presence of a large mucussecreting villous adenoma of the rectum. Accordingly a number of studies on the mucus, urine, and blood of this patient were performed, and the results of two of these studies are shown in Table I

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confidence: 70%

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confidence: 99%

A mucus-secreting villous adenoma of the rectum

Rowe¹

1964

Gut

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“…In addition, previous studies have shown that acidification of neutralized gastric fluid can reactivate gastric proteases, resulting in autodigestion of proteins. 14,15,55 Therefore, methods that involve acidification of gastric fluid (e.g., TCA precipitation) should be avoided to prevent activation of gastric proteases.…”

Section: ' Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, proteins secreted by tumor cells will be at much higher concentration in gastric fluid compared to systemic body fluids (e.g., blood). The diagnostic potential of gastric fluid was recognized in the early 1900s when alterations in its composition and pH were linked to clinical syndromes. − This led to intense efforts to study the protein constituents in gastric fluid and the relationship between their levels and stomach diseases. − However, only a few gastric fluid proteins were identified owing to the limited analytical methods available at the time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Human Gastric Fluid Proteome Reveals Distinct pH-Dependent Protein Profiles: Implications for Biomarker Studies

Kam

Hennessy²,

Chua

et al. 2011

J. Proteome Res.

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Gastric fluid is a source of gastric cancer biomarkers. However, very little is known about the normal gastric fluid proteome and its biological variations. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the human gastric fluid proteome using samples obtained from individuals with benign gastric conditions. Gastric fluid proteins were prefractionated using ultracentrifuge filters (3 kDa cutoff) and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and multidimensional LC-MS/MS. Our 2-DE analysis of 170 gastric fluid samples revealed distinct protein profiles for acidic and neutral samples, highlighting pH effects on protein composition. By 2D LC-MS/MS analysis of pooled samples, we identified 284 and 347 proteins in acidic and neutral samples respectively (FDR ≤1%), of which 265 proteins (72.4%) overlapped. However, unlike neutral samples, most proteins in acidic samples were identified from peptides in the filtrate (i.e., <3 kDa). Consistent with this finding, immunoblot analysis of six potential gastric cancer biomarkers rarely detected full-length proteins in acidic samples. These findings have important implications for biomarker studies because a majority of gastric cancer patients have neutral gastric fluid compared to noncancer controls. Consequently, sample stratification, choice of proteomic approaches, and validation strategy can profoundly affect the interpretation of biomarker findings. These observations should help to refine gastric fluid biomarker studies.

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“…It has been widely documented both in humans and in animal models that an increase in gastric pH induced by PPI or antacid therapies prevents the proteolytic degradation of food proteins in the stomach [13, 14] and presumably facilitates the presentation of food peptides to gut T cells. In this context it is easy to understand how the PPI might have augmented the sensitization to diclofenac–MSA, as it is documented that albumin is proteolytically cleaved by gastric contents [15, 16]. However, there is also evidence that therapies that increase intragastric pH may also preferentially promote T‐helper type 2 (Th2) responses [17], possibly through structural changes in the epithelium and villi, and through an increase in eosinophil numbers in the intestine [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%