Studies on the Stability of the Normal Human Fecal Flora

Zubrzycki, Leonard; Spaulding, Earle H.

doi:10.1128/jb.83.5.968-974.1962

Cited by 97 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results in Tables 1 and 2 show that BFG in faeces and sewage may be enumerated by the membrane filtration technique with either HBGP or WCGP media. The numbers of pBFG isolated from faeces (9.7 x 10'-2.8 x 10y/g wet wt) are similar to those reported by other workers using other methods (Zubrycki & Spaulding 1962;Von Houte & Gibbons 1966;Moore & Holdeman 1974). More pBFG organisms were isolated from crude sewage (1.65 x 1 0 ' 4 8 7 x 106/ml) than were reported by Post et a!.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The enumeration of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms from sewage and natural waters

Allsop

Stickler

1984

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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A membrane filtration technique has been developed for the enumeration of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) organisms from sewage and natural waters. The method uses the agar medium of Wilkins and Chalgren supplemented with gentamicin, penicillin, aesculin and ferric ammonium citrate. Membrane filters with 0.22 micron pores were significantly more efficient than those with 0.45 micron pores in the isolation of BFG. A preliminary incubation period of 4 h at 30 degrees C prior to 44 h at 37 degrees C yielded significantly higher numbers of BFG than direct incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 h.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The enumeration of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms from sewage and natural waters

Allsop

Stickler

1984

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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“…T h e stability of the numerically-predominant anaerobe populations, such as bacteroides, bifidobacteria and eubacteria reported in this study, is in agreement with previous work (Gorbach et al 1967;Holdeman et al 1976). Furthermore, the variability in populations of Enterobacteriaceae, streptococci and lecithinase-positive clostridia that were observed are similar to early observations which indicated that considerable variation exists with respect to the numbers and types of minor organisms in faeces (Zubrzycki and Spaulding 1962).…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Several studies have been made on the composition of the human colonic microbiota and several investigations have shown that inter-and intra-individual variations of bacterial populations exist (Zubrzycki and Spaulding 1962 ;Holdeman et al 1976;Mitsuoka and Ohno 1977; Meijer-Severs and Van Santen 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in concentrations of bacterial metabolites, enzyme activities, moisture, pH and bacterial composition between and within individuals in faeces of seven healthy adults

Ikeda¹,

Saitō²,

Shimizu³

et al. 1994

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Variations between and within individuals, and correlations between concentrations of bacterial metabolites, including putrefactive products, ammonia and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), enzyme activities, moisture and pH, as well as bacterial composition, were studied in faecal samples from seven healthy adults over a period of 7 months. Large variations, both between and within individuals, were observed in concentrations of putrefactive products. Although values for ammonia, SCFAs, enzyme activities, moisture and pH were generally variable, significant person-to-person differences were observed. While ranges of log viable counts of the predominant bacteria such as eubacteria, bifidobacteria and bacteroides in each subject remained between 0.2 and 1.3, those of enterobacteria, streptococci (including enterococci) and lecithinase-negative clostridia varied between 0.4 and 3.0. Levels of bifidobacteria, enterobacteria, streptococci and total aerobic bacteria showed inter-individual variations. Correlations were found among certain of the parameters: moisture correlated negatively with p-cresol (r = -0.707), pH (r = -0.671) and beta-glucosidase activity (GS) (r = -0.608), and positively with acetic acid (r = 0.621), while negative correlations were observed in pH with acetic and butyric acids (r = -0.690 and -0.623, respectively). No significant correlations were found between bacterial compositions, and other faecal factors such as pH, moisture, metabolic enzyme activities and concentrations of putrefactive products.

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“…Several investigators have reported the striking stability of the fecal flora of individual subjects, even when these subjects ingested identical diets (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Pulmonary Methane Excretion in Man

Bond

Engel

Levitt

1971

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

314

143

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It is becoming increasingly apparent that the metabolic activity of the normal intestinal flora may exert a profound influence on the physiology of their host (1). There is, however, only limited information concerning the metabolism of these bacteria, and this information has been derived primarily from studies carried out with isolated species in culture media. The results of such studies may not accurately reflect the in situ behavior of these organisms within the complex environment of the bowel.In the present investigation, we studied the production of a bacterial metabolite, methane (CH4), in man. Measurement of the pulmonary excretion rate of methane appeared to offer a unique opportunity to study the in situ metabolism of a group of intestinal organisms since it is commonly assumed that (a) all CH4 excreted by man is derived from the metabolism of intestinal bacteria, and (b) there is no appreciable utilization of CH4 by man; thus, all CH4 absorbed from the colon will be quantitatively eliminated by the lungs.In this investigation we first attempted to demonstrate that pulmonary CH4 excretion can serve as an accurate indicator of CH4 production by intestinal bacteria. Subsequent studies were then directed towards elucidating the factors which influence the rate of production of this bacterial metabolite in the human colon. Materials and MethodsSubjects and Experimental Animals.~he pulmonary excretion rate of CH4 was studied in 20 infants ranging in age from 2 hr to 5 months and in 22 normal adults. The CH4 concentration of end-expiratory air was measured in 280 adults and 40 children. The adults consisted of 180 normal subjects and 100 patients hospitalized on a general medical ward. The children consisted of 25 healthy subjects and 15 children hospitalized with various cardiac defects.

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Studies on the Stability of the Normal Human Fecal Flora

Cited by 97 publications

References 11 publications

The enumeration of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms from sewage and natural waters

The enumeration of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms from sewage and natural waters

Variations in concentrations of bacterial metabolites, enzyme activities, moisture, pH and bacterial composition between and within individuals in faeces of seven healthy adults

Factors Influencing Pulmonary Methane Excretion in Man

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