Studies on the State of Insulin in Blood

Antoniades, Harry N.; Bougas, James A.; Pyle, Hugh M.; Camerini-Dávalos, Rafael A.; Gundersen, Kare

doi:10.1056/nejm196211082671902

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The demonstration of normal glucose tolerance after total pancreatectomy apparently rules out the indispensability of increased insulin secretion from thepancreas in response to hyperglycemia for the maintenance of normal glucose tolerance, although additional supply of active insulin either by its dissociation from a state of "bound" form 30 or from an adsorbed state to some tissues outside of the pancreas cannot be ruled out. This conclusion is in accordance with the studies of Soskin et al 23 ' 24 who were able to maintain normoglycemia, normal glucose tolerance, alimentary hypoglycemia and even the Staub effect in pancreatectomized dogs given a constant infusion of insulin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Glucose Metabolism Immediately Following Total Pancreatectomy

et al. 1966

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Blood sugar changes were studied in anesthetized dogs before and after pancreatectomy, which was carried out in two stages, the latter being relatively atraumatic. The blood sugar remained normal for 1.5 to 4 hrs. after total pancreatectomy, then increased to the diabetic level.Comparison of glucose tolerance before and immediately after acute pancreatectomy revealed no significant change by either intravenous or intraduodenal route.Thus, a sudden cessation of insulin supply does not necessarily result in immediate hyperglycemia. A normal glucose tolerance appears possible temporarily in the absence of any increase in insulin secretion. DIABETES 15:179-82, March, 1966. It is generally assumed that insulin release from the pancreas is primarily regulated by the glucose concentration in circulating blood, 1 " 13 and that a transitory increase in insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia is essential for a normal glucose tolerance curve. 1 ' 4 ' 9 " 12 In our previous reports, 14 " 17 however, it has been pointed out that the proponents of this hypothesis have not necessarily proved that an increased rate of insulin secretion in response to a glucose load is an indispensable requirement for a normal glucose tolerance.In the present study, blood sugar changes and glucose tolerance were measured following quick removal of the pancreas, and the persistence of normoglycemia and normal glucose tolerance were demonstrated during a few hours after pancreatectomy. METHODSBlood is supplied to the canine pancreas by three important artery systems. The head of the pancreas receives blood from the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, and the tail of the pancreas is perfused by the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery. However, since the head of the pancreas is attached closely to the duodenum and the pancreatico-duodenal From the vessels also give many branches to the duodenum, rapid removal of the pancreas without sacrificing the blood supply of the duodenum is technically very difficult. For this reason, a two stage pancreatectomy was employed.Adult mongrel dogs weighing approximately io kg. were anesthetized with injection of sodium pentobarbital. The first stage of the pancreatectomy was a preliminary separation of the pancreas from the duodenum, in which most of the small pancreatic branches of the pancreatico-duodenal vessels were ligated, leaving the blood supply to the duodenum intact. Upon separating the pancreas from the duodenum, a change in color was occasionally seen in small parts of the pancreas. At the end of this procedure, the pancreas was perfused only by ten to fifteen main branches of the vessel systems mentioned above. This separating procedure usually took about one hour.The second procedure of the pancreatectomy was carried out about one to four hours after the end of the preliminary procedure, when the elevation of blood sugar due to the first operation had subsided in most cases. In this procedure, the remaining major arterial and venous branches were ligated and cut within...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Glucose Metabolism Immediately Following Total Pancreatectomy

et al. 1966

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“…102 "Bound insuiin" is high in untreated diabetics and does not fall as rapidly as in normals after glucose administration. 129 TSIA has recently been reported to be subnormal in diabetics on diet therapy. 128 A comparison of absolute values for human plasma insulin obtained with various assay methods reveals that radioimmunoassay consistently yields the lowest concentrationst (average normal: fasting == 15 to 20 /xU./ml.…”

Section: Fasti Ngmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Banting Memorial Lecture 1965: Some Current Controversies in Diabetes Research

1965

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Among the disputed questions considered in this presentation are (1) Relationships between a) the known metabolic abnormalities in diabetes and the development of microangiopathy, and b) insulin antibodies and nodular glomerulosclerosis; (2) Sensitivity to insulin and availability of insulin in idiopathic diabetes mellitus and in other conditions associated with impaired glucose tolerance;(3) The role of pituitary growth hormone in the etiology of idiopathic diabetes; (4) The status of "bound insulin," ILA, etc.; and (5) The identification of the "synalbumin" insulin antagonist as the B chain of insulin.Also included are the presentation of data on insulinand growth hormone-secretory responses to glucose loading in obese and nonobese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects and a discussion of the interrelationships among the peptide hormones, glucose and free fatty acids in blood.

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“…"Bound" insulin and NSILA have been found to have electrophoretic mobilities in the beta globulin region (30,38) and the approximate molecular weight of "bound" insulin, "atypical" insulin, and NSILA have been reported as 60,000-100,000, 30,000, and 80,000-160,000, respectively (38,9,30). In addition, physiological studies in humans (39) and dogs (40) have suggested that "bound" insulin and "atypical" insulin may have been formed in an extrapancreatic site. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo metabolic effects of "bound" insulin and a partially purified preparation of NSILA are strikingly similar (41,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of human serum insulin-like activity (ILA): characterization of ILA in serum and serum fractions obtained by acid-ethanol extraction and adsorption chromatography

Poffenbarger¹,

Ensinck²,

Hepp³

et al. 1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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AB STRACT Studies were undertaken in an attempt to clarify the apparent heterogeneous nature of human serum insulin-like activity. Methods of preparative zone electrophoresis on Pevikon, acid-ethanol extraction of trichloroacetic acid serum protein precipitates, adsorption chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Dowex 50, gel filtration chromatography, and insulin antiserum immunoreactivity were used. The results establish the presence of a substance in serum with in vitro biological properties similar to insuln but with different physicochemical properties. The major portion of serum ILA measured by bioassay techniques can be attributed to the effects of this substance. Whereas the in vitro biological effects of this substance on muscle and adipose cells were similar to those of crystalline insulin, the substance is distinguished from insulin by: (1) the failure of insulin antiserum to inhibit its in vitro biological effect; (2) a slower electrophoretic mobility (in the gamma-beta globulin zone); and (3) a larger molecular weight, between 40,000 and 50,-000 in these studies. It is similar to insulin since both are soluble in acid-ethanol. The results furThis work was presented in part as an abstract at the 26th Annual Meeting of The American Diabetes Association.

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Studies on the State of Insulin in Blood

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Studies of Glucose Metabolism Immediately Following Total Pancreatectomy

Studies of Glucose Metabolism Immediately Following Total Pancreatectomy

The Banting Memorial Lecture 1965: Some Current Controversies in Diabetes Research

The nature of human serum insulin-like activity (ILA): characterization of ILA in serum and serum fractions obtained by acid-ethanol extraction and adsorption chromatography

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