Studies on the Synthesis of Casein Messenger RNA during Pregnancy in the Rabbit

Shuster, Robert C.; Houdebiné, Louis‐Marie; Gaye, Pierre

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb11106.x

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our experiments revealed a significant increase in Wap expression, although significant variability was noted at the protein level. These results are in accordance with previous studies in the rabbit during pregnancy, showing that lactogenic hormones may function by increasing the rate of lactoprotein mRNA synthesis rather that initiating their transcription . Previous experiments in rodents had shown that dietary fatty acids prior to and during puberty altered the proliferative pathways in MEC and less frequently a few genes involved in the cell cycle pathway in adulthood .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Puberty is a critical window for the impact of diet on mammary gland development in the rabbit

Hue-Beauvais

Laubier

Brun

et al. 2019

Developmental Dynamics

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Background Nutritional changes can affect future lactation efficiency. In a rabbit model, an obesogenic diet initiated before puberty and pursued throughout pregnancy enhances mammary differentiation, but when started during the neonatal period can cause abnormal mammary development in early pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an unbalanced diet administered during the pubertal period only. Results Consuming an obesogenic diet at puberty did not affect either metabolic parameters or certain maternal reproductive parameters at the onset of adulthood. In contrast, at Day 8 of pregnancy, epithelial tissue showed a lower proliferation rate in obesogenic‐diet fed rabbits than in control‐diet fed rabbits. Wap and Cx26 genes, mammary epithelial cell differentiation markers, were upregulated although Wap protein level remained unchanged. However, the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and in alveolar formation was not modified. Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrate that the consumption for 5 weeks of an obesogenic diet during the pubertal period initiates mammary structure modifications and affects mammary epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Our findings highlight the potentially important role played by unbalanced nutrition during critical early‐life windows in terms of regulating mammary epithelial cell differentiation and subsequent function in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Puberty is a critical window for the impact of diet on mammary gland development in the rabbit

Hue-Beauvais

Laubier

Brun

et al. 2019

Developmental Dynamics

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“…It has been shown previously in mouse [33], rat [34], and rabbit [35] that the expression of milk protein genes starts in early to mid-pregnancy, increases throughout pregnancy and reaches a plateau in late pregnancy and early lactation. However, Finucane et al [12] found that milk protein genes did not show significant changes in expression from late pregnancy to early lactation but that protein expression of glucose transporter GLUT1 did increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Mammary Gene Expression Profiling during the Onset of Lactation

et al. 2013

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BackgroundLactogenesis includes two stages. Stage I begins a few weeks before parturition. Stage II is initiated around the time of parturition and extends for several days afterwards.Methodology/Principal FindingsTo better understand the molecular events underlying these changes, genome-wide gene expression profiling was conducted using digital gene expression (DGE) on bovine mammary tissue at three time points (on approximately day 35 before parturition (−35 d), day 7 before parturition (−7 d) and day 3 after parturition (+3 d)). Approximately 6.2 million (M), 5.8 million (M) and 6.1 million (M) 21-nt cDNA tags were sequenced in the three cDNA libraries (−35 d, −7 d and +3 d), respectively. After aligning to the reference sequences, the three cDNA libraries included 8,662, 8,363 and 8,359 genes, respectively. With a fold change cutoff criteria of ≥2 or ≤−2 and a false discovery rate (FDR) of ≤0.001, a total of 812 genes were significantly differentially expressed at −7 d compared with −35 d (stage I). Gene ontology analysis showed that those significantly differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with cell cycle, lipid metabolism, immune response and biological adhesion. A total of 1,189 genes were significantly differentially expressed at +3 d compared with −7 d (stage II), and these genes were mainly associated with the immune response and cell cycle. Moreover, there were 1,672 genes significantly differentially expressed at +3 d compared with −35 d. Gene ontology analysis showed that the main differentially expressed genes were those associated with metabolic processes.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the mammary gland begins to lactate not only by a gain of function but also by a broad suppression of function to effectively push most of the cell's resources towards lactation.

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“…Similarly, the intensity of the blood flow might control the translation rate of casein mRNA by modulating the availability of metabolites involved in protein synthesis. This might explain why, during early pregnancy, most of the casein mRNA remains untranslated [64], while the mammary blood flow is limited. It is also conceivable that the intensity of milk synthesis during lactation is largely dependent upon mammary blood flow, which is itself controlled by prolactin, growth hormone [65], and oxytocin which controls the disengorgement of the mammary gland by milk withdrawal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Prolactin in the Transcription of β‐Casein and 28‐S Ribosomal Genes in the Rabbit Mammary Gland

Teyssot

Houdebiné

1980

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Isolated mammary nuclei were incubated in the presence of HgCTP and the neosynthesized RNA was isolated with a SH-Sepharose column. The concentration of p-casein mRNA and 28-S ribosomal RNA in the neosynthesized RNA fractions was evaluated using [3 HIDNA probes complementary to p-casein mRNA and 28-S rRNA respectively. In the unstimulated pseudopregant rabbit, the transcription of both genes was easily detectable. Injections of prolactin progressively enhanced the transcription rate of both genes and preferentially the p-casein gene. A comparison between the transcription rates and the accumulation of the corresponding gene products in the cell revealed that there is a good correlation between these two parameters for the 28-S rRNA gene. By contrast, the acceleration of p-casein gene transcription by prolactin is unable to account for the simultaneous accumulation of p-casein mRNA, indicating that prolactin is a potent stabilizer of casein mRNA. Injections of CB154 into lactating rabbits (a drug which suppresses the secretion of prolactin by hypophysis), induced a rapid drop of p-casein mRNA concentration and a slow decline of p-casein gene transcription. Simultaneously the drug was responsible for a marked and rapid decrease of 2 8 3 rRNA gene transcription, while the concentration of the rRNA remained elevated. During weaning the transcription of the p-casein gene and, to a lower degree, the transcription of the 28-S rRNA gene proceeded more slowly and this phenomenon was accompanied by a progressive decline of the RNA concentrations Previous works carried out in the rabbit [I--], the rat [4] and the mouse [5] have clearly established that the initiation of casein synthesis by prolactin and its modulators is accompanied by a roughly parallel accumulation of the corresponding mRNA. The action of prolactin on casein genes is accompanied by cell multiplication and by a cellular hypertrophy, which includes an enrichment of the cell in ribosomal RNA [6]. The aim of the present work was to establish a correlation between the transcription rate of genes for p-casein mRNA and 28-S rRNA and the accumulation of the products of these genes in the rabbit mammary cell. Several hormonal equilibria were examined : the unstimulated pseudopregnant rabbit, the pseudopregnant rabbit under treatment by prolactin, the lactating rabbit, the lactating rabbit in which prolactin has been withdrawn by injections of CB154 and the lactating rabbit during weaning. Nuclei were isolated from the mammary glands at the end of each hormonal treatment and the transcription was conducted with these nuclei in the presence of HgCTP. The concentration of /?-casein mRNA and of 28-S rRNA Abbreviation. CeMe3NBr, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

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Studies on the Synthesis of Casein Messenger RNA during Pregnancy in the Rabbit

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

Puberty is a critical window for the impact of diet on mammary gland development in the rabbit

Puberty is a critical window for the impact of diet on mammary gland development in the rabbit

Bovine Mammary Gene Expression Profiling during the Onset of Lactation

Role of Prolactin in the Transcription of β‐Casein and 28‐S Ribosomal Genes in the Rabbit Mammary Gland

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