Studies on the Urinary Excretion, Biological Effects and Origin of Oestrogens in Post-Menopausal Women

Procopé, Berndt-Johan

doi:10.1530/acta.0.060s009

Cited by 14 publications

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“…Since treatment with gonadotropins showed no direct increase in adrenal estrone level, as shown in Table 1, these effects of hexestrol and progesterone on estrone can be attributed in part to the direct inhibition of adrenal gland and partly to ACTH suppression (14,15). Many papers show that adrenal estrogens, mainly estrone, are under the control of ACTH (16)(17)(18), similar to the case with corticosteroid. In a developmental study, the effect of ovariectomy in immature rats on adrenal estrogens was examined in relation to ovarian function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Adrenal estrogens in relation to ovarian function.

Higashi

Aizawa

1980

Jpn.J.Pharmacol

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Abstract-The effect of gonadotropins and ovarian hormones on adrenal estrogens in female rats was examined in relation to the ovarian function. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) increased adrenal estradiol level in intact rats but did not alter estrone levels. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) with PMS did not alter the estrone and estradiol levels. Neither PMS or HCG with PMS affected these steroid levels in ovariectomized rats. Injection of hexestrol to intact rats decreased the estrone level. Further decrease in the estrone level resulted after administration of hexestrol with progesterone.In a developmental study, the estrone level at 35 days of age was higher than that at 50 and 80 days of age. The estrone level gradually decreased with adrenal development after ovariectomy performed at 21 days of age. When adrenal slices were incubated with either 3H-estrone or 3H-estradiol, higher radioactivity of estrone accumulated in the adrenal gland of immature rats than in that of adult rats. There was a larger conversion of 3H-estradiol to 3H-estrone than the reverse process in both immature and adult rats. These results indicate that the adrenal estrogens were influenced by ovarian function.The interaction between the adrenal glands and gonads has been suggested from findings of fluctuation in adrenal estradiol at proestrus (1). From the point of the close histological and biochemical relationship, there may be an interaction between adrenal glands and gonads. With respect to the physiological role of ovarian estradiol in the adrenal gland, it has been reported that estradiol enhanced corticosterone production and inhibited the activity of 5a-reductase in rat adrenal gland (2, 3). Recently, evidence has been reported for cellular and nuclear receptors of estradiol in the adrenal gland of rats and mice (4, 5).As little is known of the relationship between adrenal estrogens and the ovarian function, the effect of gonadotropins and ovarian hormones on adrenal estrogens was examined in relation to the ovarian function. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnimals: Female Wistar rats weighing approx. 200 g, or immature rats (21-35 days) were used. The rats were housed in a room kept at 24 + 1 °C on a lighting schedule of 12-hr light (6:00 h to 18:00 h) : 12-hr darkness with free access to food and water. Vaginal smear was recorded daily for each rat. Puberty was determined by daily inspection for vaginal opening. Ovariectomy was performed by a dorsal approach with the rats under ether anesthesia. Ovariectomy was also performed in immature rats at 21 days of age.The surgically treated rats were sacrificed 15, 30, and 60 days after the operation and the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Adrenal estrogens in relation to ovarian function.

Higashi

Aizawa

1980

Jpn.J.Pharmacol

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“…Table 3). Procopé (1969). Young et al (1957), in an attempt to determine the levels of oestrogen in the blood, demonstrated that different cytological indices were correlated with differing levels of urinary oestrogen output.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard deviations for each group were wide, however, and the authors concluded that the overall statistical correlation was of little practical value. Procopé (1969) examined women before bilateral oöphorectomy. He found a positive corre¬ lation to exist between the two 'indicators' of endogenous oestrogen production studied (total urinary oestrogen and vaginal cytology), though the levels of each oestrogen were somewhat high, being within the range encountered in normally menstruating women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second factor which may have contributed to the differing results obtained by Young et al (1957) and by Procopé (1969) concerns the type of subject studied in the various investigations. Rubenstein & Duncan (1941) claim that a correlation exists between vaginal cytological indices and urinary oestrogen output as measured by bioassay (Smith, Smith & Gavian, 1959;Rakoff, 1961 (Emmens, 1939;Loraine, 1958 Meisels, 1966 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oestrogenic Function in Postmenopausal Women

Dove¹,

Morley²,

Batchelor³

et al. 1971

Reproduction

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Summary. Results are presented of a study of healthy European women who were more than 2 years beyond the menopause. In these subjects, oestrogenic function was assessed by cytological examination of vaginal smears and by estimation of the output of'total oestrogens' in the urine.'Oestrogenic activity', as assessed by maturation and karyopyknotic indices, could be detected in more than 75 % of the women (which correlates with previously recorded data).In all subjects studied, the measured urinary oestrogen excretion was low, levels being well below the range normally encountered in women during their reproductive life. No correlation could be demonstrated between oestrogen excretion and age or cytological indices.

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“…In addition, it has been reported that estrogens were produced in adrenal glands besides the ovary, on the basis of the increase of plasma or urinary estrogens with ACTH treatment and decreases seen with dexamethasone treatment (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acth on adrenal estrogens.

Higashi

Aizawa

1980

Jpn.J.Pharmacol

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Abstract-Tissue levels of rat adrenal estrogens during the estrous cycle were determined by radioimmunoassay, and effect of ACTH on the adrenal estrogen levels was examined. The levels of estrone and estradiol in proestrus were 2.75+0.61 pg/mg tissue and 1.0± 0.19 pg/mg tissue (mean i SE), respectively. The higher level of estrone but not of estradiol was inclined to appear in proestrus rather than in other phases. Injection of 250 IU/kg of a1-24-ACTH significantly increased the estrone level at 15 and 30 min, and estradiol at 15 min. Administration of reserpine, which was used as the ACTH releaser, produced an increase in the estrone level but did not change the estradiol level. While dexamethasone injection decreased the estrone level significantly at 8 hours after the treatment, the level of estradiol remained unchanged. Hypophysectomy produced a considerable decrease in both steroid levels, particularly estrone. These results indicate that the major estrogen in the rat adrenal gland is estrone and that the level is regulated by hypophyseal ACTH.It has been reported that the plasma or urinary estrogen level remained unchanged in ovariectomized and postmenopausal women, and also that the level increased in subjects with adrenocortical tumor or hyperplasia. In addition, it has been reported that estrogens were produced in adrenal glands besides the ovary, on the basis of the increase of plasma or urinary estrogens with ACTH treatment and decreases seen with dexamethasone treatment (1-5).However, a distinct function of the rat adrenal estrogens has not been clarified. Our study was carried out to determine the level of estrogens in rat adrenal gland during estrous cycle.The interaction between ACTH and adrenal estrogens was also examined using reserpine as the ACTH releaser and both dexamethasone injection and hypophysectomy as ACTH depressor, in order to provide more information on the rat species. MATERIALS AND METHODSAdult, female, Wistar rats weighing 200 g, were housed in a room with controlled temperature (24+1°C) and light (from 6:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m.). Food and water were given freely. Rats with 3-4 successive regular 4-day estrous cycle were used, and were decapitated at 11:00 a.m., in all the experiments. Rats were used for 48 hr after hypophy sectomy by the external auditory canal method, under ether anesthesia. There were 10 rats per group in all the experiments.After a1-24-ACTH (Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.) had been given s.c., in a dose of 250 IU/kg, dissolved in physiological saline, the rats were sacrificed at 15, 30, and 60 min with minimum disturbance. Dexamethasone phosphate (Sankyo Co. Ltd.) was also given s.c. in a dose of 100 ucg/kg, and the rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hr after adminis

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Studies on the Urinary Excretion, Biological Effects and Origin of Oestrogens in Post-Menopausal Women

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Adrenal estrogens in relation to ovarian function.

Adrenal estrogens in relation to ovarian function.

Oestrogenic Function in Postmenopausal Women

Effect of acth on adrenal estrogens.

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