Studies on Unbalanced Growth in Escherichia Coli

Cohen, Seymour S.; Barner, Hazel D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.40.10.885

Cited by 369 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Survival during starvation of auxotrophs has been studied previously in a number of organisms, including Neurospora (21), Escherichia coli (22), and S. cerevisiae (23,24), with varying survival rates. In S. cerevisiae, Henry (24) reported very rapid loss of viability of S. cerevisiae inositol auxotrophs (hundreds of fold per day) and only a modest loss of viability upon lysine, adenine and tryptophan starvation.…”

Section: Survival Of Nongrowing Cells Depends On the Nutritional Limimentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of genotype and nutrition on survival and metabolism of starving yeast

Boer

Amini

Botstein

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

183

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Starvation of yeast cultures limited by auxotrophic requirements results in glucose wasting and failure to achieve prompt cell-cycle arrest when compared with starvation for basic natural nutrients like phosphate or sulfate. We measured the survival of yeast auxotrophs upon starvation for different nutrients and found substantial differences: When deprived of leucine or uracil, viability declined exponentially with a half-life of <2 days, whereas when the same strains were deprived of phosphate or sulfate, the half-life was Ϸ10 days. The survival rates of nongrowing auxotrophs deprived of uracil or leucine depended on the carbon source available during starvation, but were independent of the carbon source during prior growth. We performed an enrichment procedure for mutants that suppress lethality during auxotrophy starvation. We repeatedly found loss-of-function mutations in a number of functionally related genes. Mutations in PPM1, which methylates protein phosphatase 2A, and target of rapamycin (TOR1) were characterized further. Deletion of PPM1 almost completely suppressed the rapid lethality and substantially suppressed glucose wasting during starvation for leucine or uracil. Suppression by a deletion of TOR1 was less complete. We suggest that, similar to the Warburg effect observed in tumor cells, starving yeast auxotrophs wastes glucose as a consequence of the failure of conserved growth control pathways. Furthermore, we suggest that our results on condition-dependent chronological lifespan have important implications for the interpretation and design of studies on chronological aging. auxotrophy starvation ͉ chronological aging ͉ Warburg effect

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Section: Survival Of Nongrowing Cells Depends On the Nutritional Limimentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of genotype and nutrition on survival and metabolism of starving yeast

Boer

Amini

Botstein

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

183

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“…If thymine is removed from the growth medium of 1ST-, the number of viable bacteria in the culture remains constant for a period roughly equivalent to one-half the normal generation time and then decreases rapidly ("thymineless death"). During such thymine starvation, the bacteria increase in size, double their content of RNA but in-crease in their DNA by no more than 5 to 20 per cent (4,7). The preferential reduction of DNA synthesis in the absence of exogenous thymine thus provides a means by which relatively more Pa can be introduced into other cellular constituents than into DNA.…”

Section: Inactivation Of Differentially Labeled Bacteria--mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Bacteria by Decay of Incorporated Radioactive Phosphorus

Stent

Fuerst

1956

The Journal of General Physiology

130

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Cultures of Escherichia coli will not grow in media containing very high specific activities of radiophosphorus P32, the inhibition of growth being due to the decay of assimilated P32 atoms. Experiments with a differentially labeled thymineless strain of E. coli show that the P32 disintegrations which occur in the bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid, i.e. in the nucleus, are mainly responsible for the inactivation of the cell. The kinetics with which radioactive bacterial populations are inactivated indicate that the function of several nuclei per bacterial cell must be eliminated by P32 decay before the ability to generate a colony is lost. The efficiency with which each P32 disintegration inactivates the nucleus in which it has occurred is calculated to be 0.02 (at –196°), i.e., similar in magnitude to the killing efficiency of P32 decay in bacteriophages. P32 decay and thymine starvation cooperate in bringing about the death of individuals of the thymineless strain, from which observation it is inferred that "thymineless death" is likewise a nuclear inactivation. The descendants of a non-radioactive bacterial culture grown for several generations in the presence of P32 and the descendants of a radioactive culture grown in the absence of P32 are inactivated by P32 decay in a manner which indicates that the phosphorus atoms of bacterial nuclei are dispersed among the progeny nuclei in their line of descendance.

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“…radiation of E. coli B and E. coli B, u-(uracil dependent) was determined after these organisms were subjected to the conditions of 5-fluorouracil inhibition as described by Cohen et al (1958). In addition, E. coli 15, t-was grown under conditions of thymine starvation described by Cohen & Barner (1954). The bacteria were irradiated after various periods of starvation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies on Ultraviolet Irradiation of Escherichia coli Containing 5-Bromouracil in its DNA

Greer

1960

Journal of General Microbiology

154

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Surgeons, New Ymk, U.S.A.SUMMARY: Thymine-requiring Escherichia coZi 15, t-and E. coli B, t-which contained 5-bromouracil in their deoxyribonucleic acid in place of thymine showed a marked increase in sensitivity to ultraviolet (u.v.) radiation. The effect was proportional to the extent of incorporation of 5-bromouracil under defined growth conditions and for a given medium. This increase in sensitivity to U.V. was not hereditary.A maximum U.V. dose-increase effect on survival of 3.5 was obtained ; there was as high as a 20,000-fold decrease in the number of survivors as compared to irradiated bacteria grown in absence of the analogue. This effect was not obtained with bacteria grown before irradiation in 2-thiothymine (an inhibitor not incorporated into DNA), nor was there an increase in U.V. sensitivity in organisms grown under conditions of thymine starvation or of 5-flurouracil inhibition. Furthermore, bacteria which did not require thymine and did not incorporate 5-bromouracil did not show this sensitization effect. The increase in U.V. sensitivity caused by 5-bromouracil was annulled by thymine. 5-Iodouracil caused a lower increase in u.v.-sensitization. The extent of photo-reactivation was not as great in irradiated bacteria which had been grown in 5-bromouracil as in bacteria containing no analogue in their DNA. A u.v.-resistant mutant of E. coli 15, t-was isolated and found to be affected by 5-bromouracil in a manner similar to the slightly more u.v.-sensitive parent strain. Incorporation of 5-bromouracil did not result in a dose-increase effect on u.v.-induced mutagenesis at the thymine-dependent locus of E. coli 15, t-. Bacteria containing 5-bromouracil were similarly hypersensitive to heat but showed no increased sensitivity to H,O, and several nitrogen mustards.

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Studies on Unbalanced Growth in Escherichia Coli

Cited by 369 publications

References 7 publications

Influence of genotype and nutrition on survival and metabolism of starving yeast

Influence of genotype and nutrition on survival and metabolism of starving yeast

Inactivation of Bacteria by Decay of Incorporated Radioactive Phosphorus

Studies on Ultraviolet Irradiation of Escherichia coli Containing 5-Bromouracil in its DNA

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