Studies on vinblastine-induced autophagocytosis in mouse liver

Reunanen, Hilkka; Punnonen, Eeva‐Liisa; Hirsimäki, Pirkko

doi:10.1007/bf00492453

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In hepatocytes, the majority of reports favors the membranes of ER and Golgi apparatus as the original membrane of autophagic vacuoles from the evidence such as occasional direct continuity of ER membranes with the outer limiting membrane of autophagic vacuoles (14) and the osmium-staining common property of the autophagic vacuole membrane with ER and Golgi apparatus membranes (9). In contradicton, it has been recently reported that the limiting membranes of autophagic vacuoles possess characteristics distinct from the ER and Golgi membranes with respect to the density of intramembranous particles (8,19) and the concentration of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids (18). Our finding that the membranes of autophagic vacuoles carry a net negative charge exceeding that of other intracellular membranes is compatible with such a change in membrane composition during the course of formation of autophagic vacuoles.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

Regulatory factors of intracellular lysosomal activity associated with heterophagy and autophagy.

Sakai

Araki

Ogawa

1990

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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supporting

confidence: 79%

Regulatory factors of intracellular lysosomal activity associated with heterophagy and autophagy.

Sakai

Araki

Ogawa

1990

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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“…48 The freeze-fracture technique was also used by Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen (then using the surname Punnonen), in combination with filipin staining to show that autophagosomal delimiting membranes were exceptionally poor in cholesterol. 47 Furthermore, since osmic acid impregnation selectively stains unsaturated fatty acids, the strong osmiophilicity of autophagosome delimiting membranes 34,35,[50][51][52] and their sequestering precursors 38,53 indicated that they are rich in unsaturated fatty acids. As explained later, these membranes also have unique surface charge properties.…”

Section: ©2 0 1 1 L a N D E S B I O S C I E N C E D O N O T D I S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing is believing: The impact of electron microscopy on autophagy research

et al. 2011

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Autophagy was first discovered by transmission electron microscopy more than 50 years ago. For decades, electron microscopy was the only way to reliably detect autophagic compartments in cells because no specific protein markers were known. In the 1970s, however, the introduction of biochemical methods enabled quantitative studies of autophagic-lysosomal degradation, and in the 1980s specific biochemical assays for autophagic sequestration became available. Since the identification of autophagy-related genes in the 1990s, combined fluorescence microscopy, biochemical and genetic methods have taken the leading role in autophagy research. However, electron microscopy is still needed to confirm and verify results obtained by other methods, and also to produce novel knowledge that would not be achievable by any other experimental approach. Confocal microscopy, with its ever-improving resolution, is probably the best-suited morphological approach to investigate the dynamic aspects of autophagy. However, for analyzing the ultrastructural details of the many novel organelles and mechanisms involved in specific subtypes of autophagy, the electron microscope is still indispensable. This review will summarize the impact that electron microscopy has had on autophagy research since the discovery of this self-degradation process in the mid-1950s. Astonishingly, some of the "novel" concepts and principles of autophagy, presented in the recent studies, were already proposed several decades ago by the pioneering, accurate and passionate work of virtuoso electron microscopists.

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“…Based on morphological, cytochemical and immunoelectron microscopy data, autophagosomes are proposed to originate from the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. 11 However, the structural and biochemical characteristics of these membranes are different from the endoplasmic reticulum, [35][36][37][38] and thus the phagophores or isolation membranes should probably be regarded as distinct organelles.…”

Section: Autophagy Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%