Studies on virus infection of diseased Quercus robur (L) from forest stands in northern Germany

Büttner, Carmen; Führling, Martina

doi:10.1051/forest:19960220

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In Germany, chlorotic ringspots, mottling and chlorotic spots have been observed for decades on leaves of common oak ( Quercus robur L.) [ 1 ]. Mechanical transmission of the symptoms to healthy oak seedlings failed, although graft transmissibility had been demonstrated earlier [ 2 ]. A viral cause for the observed symptoms was thought likely, and this hypothesis was supported by electron microscopy images of virus-like particles with spherical morphology [ 3 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak

et al. 2021

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We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of a novel virus in ringspot-diseased common oak (Quercus robur L.). The newly identified pathogen is associated with leaf symptoms such as mottle, chlorotic spots and ringspots on diseased trees. High-throughput sequencing (HTS, Illumina RNASeq) was used to explore the virome of a ringspot-diseased oak that had chlorotic ringspots of suspected viral origin on leaves for several years. Bioinformatic analysis of the HTS dataset followed by RT-PCR enabled us to determine complete sequences of four RNA genome segments of a novel virus. These sequences showed high similarity to members of the genus Emaravirus, which includes segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses of economic importance. To verify the ends of each RNA, we conducted rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). We identified an additional genome segment (RNA 5) by RT-PCR using a genus-specific primer (PDAP213) to the conserved 3´ and 5´termini in order to amplify full-length genome segments. RNA 5 encodes a 21-kDa protein that is homologous to the silencing suppressor P8 of High Plains wheat mosaic virus. The five viral RNAs were consistently detected by RT-PCR in ringspot-diseased oaks in Germany, Sweden, and Norway. We conclude that the virus represents a new member of the genus Emaravirus affecting oaks in Germany and in Scandinavia, and we propose the name “common oak ringspot-associated emaravirus” (CORaV).

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confidence: 99%

A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak

et al. 2021

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“…common oak ringspot-associated virus In ringspot-diseased common oak (Quercus robur L.), CORaV was first identified in a seed orchard in Germany [18]. It contains five genome segments and is graft-transmissible to young oak seedlings [4]. Following sampling of leaf material from diseased oaks in different European countries, the virus was identified at several locations in Germany, Sweden and Norway using specific RT-PCR based detection.…”

Section: Camellia Infecting Emaravirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were first described by Baur [2] and later Kegler [3]. Büttner and Führling [4] reported on the occurrence and distribution of diseased oak trees in Germany, and Ebrahim-Nesbat [5] showed the first electron microscopic images of virus-like particles associated with ringfleck mosaic of mountain ash. A decade later, the identification of a double-stranded RNA pattern and partial sequence data were a cornerstone for the association of the ringspot disease of mountain ash with an unknown virus [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex World of Emaraviruses – Challenges, Insights and Prospects

Rehanek¹,

Karlin²,

Bandte³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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: Emaravirus (Order Bunyavirales; Family Fimoviridae) is a genus comprising over 20 emerging plant viruses with a worldwide distribution and economic impact. Emaraviruses infect a variety of host plants and have especially become prevalent in important long-living woody plants. These viruses are enveloped, with a segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and are transmitted by eriophyid mites or mechanical transmission. Emaraviruses have four core genome segments encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a glycoprotein precursor, a nucleocapsid protein, and a movement protein. They also have additional genome segments, whose number varies widely. We report here that the proteins encoded by these segments form three main homology groups: a homolog of the sadwavirus Glu2 Pro glutamic protease; a protein involved in pathogenicity, which we named “ABC”; and a protein of unknown function, which we named “P55”. The distribution of these proteins parallels the emaravirus phylogeny and suggests, with other analyses, that emaraviruses should be split into at least two genera. Reliable diagnosis systems are urgently needed to detect emaraviruses, assess their economic and ecological importance, and take appropriate measures to prevent their spread (such as routine testing, hygiene measures, and control of mite vectors). Additional research needs include understanding the function of emaravirus proteins, breeding resistant plants and clarifying transmission modes.

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“…Surveys in North German nurseries and of several German forest districts on the health status of European oak (Quercus robur L.) led to the observation of many seedlings and trees with characteristic virus-like symptoms such as chlorotic ringspots, chlorotic spots, and mottling [9]. Some of these plants had degenerated twigs and suffered from a distinct loss of vigor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virus-like symptoms on European oak as well as therewith confusable discolorations are described by [12]. In 1996, [9] carried out experiments testing graft-transmission of the assumed agent and stated that the symptoms are induced by an infectious agent. Transmission to herbaceous plants by mechanical inoculation failed in these and later experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an Emaravirus in a Common Oak (Quercus robur L.) Conservation Seed Orchard in Germany: Implications for Oak Health

Bandte

Rehanek

Leder³

et al. 2020

Forests

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We observed the health status of oak trees in a conservation seed orchard for over twenty years, focusing on characteristic virus-suspected symptoms. The orchard was established in 1992 in Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) with 1302 seedlings in 186 clusters. The number of seedlings showing chlorotic ringspots and mottle on leaves has fluctuated annually, but has increased from 3.3% to 12.1% in the last 20 years; the number of affected clusters has risen from 8% to 25.9%. A scientific breakthrough was the identification of a novel virus related to members of the genus Emaravirus in diseased oak by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Screening of the oak seedlings in three consecutive years, using a newly established virus-specific diagnostic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confirmed the virus infection and revealed a close to 100% association between the observed leaf symptoms and the novel virus. As no other plant virus could be identified in the HTS-datasets, we assume the novel virus is primarily causing the symptoms. To reliably detect the novel virus in oaks, RT-PCR targeting the viral RNA3 or RNA4 should be applied in routine testing of symptomatic leaf tissue. It was obvious that most groups with virus-infected plants cluster, with only five out of the 42 affected groups being offside, not bordering on other affected groups of plants. There was no clear correlation between the detection of the virus and the overall vitality of the seedlings. In some groups, the strongest seedling emerged to be virus-infected, whereas in others virus-infected seedlings continued to grow. Forecasts on the future growth behavior of these virus-infected oak trees are therefore not possible.

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Studies on virus infection of diseased Quercus robur (L) from forest stands in northern Germany

Abstract: (dsRNA)

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak

A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak

The Complex World of Emaraviruses – Challenges, Insights and Prospects

Identification of an Emaravirus in a Common Oak (Quercus robur L.) Conservation Seed Orchard in Germany: Implications for Oak Health

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