Studies to Determine the Nature of the Damage to the Nutritive Value of Some Vegetable Oils from Heat Treatment IV. Ethyl Esters of Heat-Polymerized Linseed, Soybean and Sunflower Seed Oils

Crampton, E. W.; Common, R. H.; Pritchard, E.T.; Farmer, Florence A.

doi:10.1093/jn/60.1.13

Cited by 68 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Our previous results using [ [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C] molecules demonstrated that they are efficiently metabolized by the first cycle of β-oxidation, to the same extent as linolenic acid (more than 70%) [10]. Based on this result, we demonstrated that the carboxylic end moiety of the ring is shortened.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

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In vivo oxidation of [9-14C] cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid in the rat

et al. 2006

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-Heating oils and fats may lead to cyclization of polyunsaturated fatty acids, as for example linolenic acid. Cyclohexenyl and cyclopentenyl fatty acids are subsequently present in some edible oils and these are suspected to induce metabolic disorders. In a previous experiment using [1-14 C] labeled molecules, we published that these cyclic fatty acids are beta oxidized to the same extent as linolenic acid, at least for the first cycle of beta oxidation. However, it is possible that the presence of a ring could alter the ability of the organism to fully oxidize the molecule. In order to test this hypothesis, we assessed the oxidative metabolism of cyclic fatty acids carrying a 14 C atom at the vicinity of the ring. For this purpose, rats were force-fed from 1.1 to 1.3 MBq of a representative fraction of dietary cyclohexenyl cyclic fatty acid monomers of [9-14 C] 9-(6-propyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-non-8-enoic acids and 14 CO 2 production was monitored for 24h. The animals were then necropsied and the radioactivity was determined in different tissues. No consistent radioactivity was recovered as 14 CO 2 24h after administration of the molecules. Sixty percent of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine and 30% in the gastrointestinal tract. By combining our previous data on the oxidation of [1-14 C] cyclic fatty acids and the present results, we suggest that cyclohexenyl fatty acids are first beta oxidized in a similar way as linolenic acid and that the remaining molecule carrying the ring is detoxified and eliminated in the urine and feces. cyclic fatty acid monomers / linolenic acid / oxidation

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Among them, cyclic fatty acids which are mainly formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) are suspected to be the most toxic compounds formed in heated oils [2][3][4]. Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) are mainly formed from the C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids of edible oils (linoleic and linolenic acids) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo oxidation of [9-14C] cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid in the rat

et al. 2006

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“…There is a large number of works evaluating the short-and long-term effects of the use of extremely overheated fats and oils, mainly in laboratory animal diets (e.g. in rats: Crampton et al, 1953;Gabriel et al, 1978;Eder and Kichgessner, 1999), but there is a lack of sufficient knowledge about the dietary use of recycled frying oils at commercial feed levels in livestock animals to assess their impact on animal performance, health and well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxidation state of dietary sunflower oil and dietary zinc and α -tocopheryl acetate supplementation on performance of fattening rabbits

et al. 2011

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Twelve diets were formulated using the same raw materials and including 3% of sunflower oil at 3 different oxidation levels [fresh (F), peroxidised (P; 55°C for 11 d; 83 meq O 2 /kg oil) and highly-oxidised (O; 140°C for 31 h; ρ-anisidine value of 125)], with 2 levels of α-tocopherol supplementation (0 and 100 ppm), and 2 levels of Zn supplementation (0 and 200 ppm). A trial with 900 growing rabbits was carried out in order to study the effect of the oxidation and protection level of supplemented oil on the performance of animals from weaning (28 d) to 63 d of age. Another coetaneous trial was performed to study the effect of the oxidation level of sunflower oil (F, P and O) on caecal activity around weaning, using 120 suckling rabbits randomly re-allocated into 12 litters of 10 kits (4 litters per diet) from 17 to 44 d of age. Four rabbits per litter were slaughtered at 30 and 44 d (16 rabbits/treatment and age). Full gastro-intestinal tract and caecum were weighed and pH, dry matter (DM), ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 ) and volatile fatty acids concentration (VFA) values in caecal content were measured. No effect was observed either in the mortality rate, body weight gain, feed intake or conversion rate throughout the growing period when peroxidised or oxidised oils were included in the diet, being on average 32%, 45.1 g/d, 107.6 g DM/d and 2.44, respectively. Dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol and/or Zn had no effect on the mortality rate, feed intake and performance of rabbits during the fattening period. Daily weight gain just after weaning (28 to 30 d of age) was higher for kits receiving the diet supplemented with F and O diets than those with the P diet (55, 50 and 35 g/d, respectively; P<0.05), but no further effect on performance was observed. Young rabbits fed with the P diet showed lower DM percentage in caecum at 30 d of age (-9.5%; P<0.05) than those with F or O diets. Caecum of young rabbits fed with the O diet presented lower NH 3 content at 30 d of age that those given F diet (-38%; P<0.05) and higher total VFA and acetic acid concentration (+36 and +34 %, respectively; P<0.05). Therefore, and although many questions are still open, oxidised oils could be considered as a possible energy source for rabbit nutrition.

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“…CFAM are readily oxidized in vivo (Joffre et al, 2004;Bretillon et al, 2006). CFAM were suspected to be the most toxic compounds formed in heated oils (Crampton et al, 1951(Crampton et al, , 1953(Crampton et al, and 1956. Indeed, using thermopolymerized oils, fractions partially purified containing CFAM or esters of CFAM, CFAM have been suspected to induce adverse effects including high mortality of the rat neonates (Crampton et al, 1951(Crampton et al, , 1953(Crampton et al, and 1956Potteau, 1976;Sé bédio et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid do not exhibit intrinsic toxicity in the rat during gestation

Brétillon¹,

Roy

Pasquis³

et al. 2008

Animal

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Heating oils and fats may lead to cyclization of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those showing multiple double bonds like linolenic acid. Cyclohexenyl and cyclopentenyl fatty acids are subsequently present in some edible oils and these were suspected to induce metabolic disorders. When fed during gestation in the rat, cyclic fatty acids were historically reported to induce high mortality of the neonates. Nevertheless, none of these studies have been performed with cyclic fatty acids fed as triacylglycerols, limiting the nutritional value of the conclusions. Therefore, we assessed the toxicity of a diet containing 0.7% of cyclic fatty acids fed as triacylglycerols during gestation and the first days of life in the rat. In this work, we report no deleterious effect of cyclic fatty acids in the mothers and neonates. However, cyclic fatty acids induced a tremendous insulinopenia in the mothers and pups that was associated with the reduction of food intake in the gestating females. Such a finding may be a plausible explanation for the adverse effects of cyclic fatty acids observed previously with higher doses of cyclic fatty acids. Based on present data, on previous ones showing elimination of cyclic fatty acids, and considering their low amounts in the diet, we suggest that cyclic fatty acids formed from cyclization of linolenic acid are not a major concern for human safety.

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Studies to Determine the Nature of the Damage to the Nutritive Value of Some Vegetable Oils from Heat Treatment IV. Ethyl Esters of Heat-Polymerized Linseed, Soybean and Sunflower Seed Oils

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

In vivo oxidation of [9-14C] cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid in the rat

In vivo oxidation of [9-14C] cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid in the rat

Effect of oxidation state of dietary sunflower oil and dietary zinc and α -tocopheryl acetate supplementation on performance of fattening rabbits

Dietary cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid do not exhibit intrinsic toxicity in the rat during gestation

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