Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: I. A Reappraisal of the Validity of the "Kitten Test" as an Indication of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

Matheson, B. H.; Thatcher, F. S.

doi:10.1139/m55-049

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Data obtained by B L I S~< >~ (4) ancl Butler (7) suggested that this relationship ma>-bc invalid. Fulton (15) ancl Bro~\-11, Pricharcl, :uncl Quilliain (31 suggcstcd that a relationship exists betwccn alpha toxin ancl cnterotoxic activities of cult~ii-c filtrates, but this sccins to be rather t c n~~o u s 1~1 1~1 1 the clata obtainccl by Dolman and Wilsoil ( l o ) , Y~Iatheson and Thatcher (26), Bergdoll (2), ancl others are considered. One of the properties of alpha hemolysin producccl i l l cult~ire filtrate by S. aureus is to hemolyze rabbit arid sheep erythrocytes a t 37' C (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: V. Possible Identification of Alpha Hemolysin With a Proteolytic Enzyme

Thatcher¹,

Montford²

1960

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Alpha hernolysin has been separated from many of the other conlponents present in culture filtrates of four strains of Staphylococcr~s nureus using a column chromatographic procedure with carbosymethyl-cellulose as the selective adsorbent, and gradecl levels of phosphate bulfer a t pI-I 6.0 t o provide selective elution. The preparation of alpha hemolysin obtained in this manner hemolyzed rabbit and sheep erythrocytes, inducecl a dcrmonecrotic reaction in rabbits, was lethal to mice, ancl was protcolytic. The hemolytic activity of the preparation was stirnulatecl by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, presumably by removing toxic ious from solution. Divalcnt cations inhibited activity of the alpha hemolysin, but stimulated thc activity of a clisti~~ctive shecp hemolysin, which is shown to be a separate entity.Alpha hcmolysin, obtained by thc chromatographic procedure, and subjected further to resolution by zone clcctrophoresis retained its capacity to induce clcrmonecrosis, to hemolyze rabbit erythrocytes, and to hydrolyze casein. Apparent loss of the capac~ty of the preparation to hcmolyzc shccp crythrocytcs was discussed.The possibility that alpha hcmolysin is a specific proteolytic cnzylne is suggcstecl by thc observation that under no conclitions could a separation be clfectcd betwecn the hemolytic ancl proteolytic properties of the alpha hemolysin reco\;crcd from a number of dilfcrent cultures. 1;LIan~licript

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: V. Possible Identification of Alpha Hemolysin With a Proteolytic Enzyme

Thatcher¹,

Montford²

1960

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…Hence, until sho~vn otherwise, the delta-lysin should be considerecl as a possible cause of the emesis inclucecl by heated filtrates. Also, as already pointed out by the present authors (13), it has not been clearly shown whether or not a n eiiterotoxic function may still persist in the molecules of specific lysins even though their lytic capacities niay have been destroyecl by heating. Moreover, the degree to \\~hicIi beta-lysiii may contribute to an emetic reaction in cats needs further clarification.…”

Section: T H a T C H E R A N D Viatheson: T O X I N S I Imentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Young cats nrei-e accustonied to laboratory life and maintained, fed, and injected with test preparations by methods previously clescribed by Matheson and Thatcher (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: Ii. The Specificity of Enterotoxin

Thatcher¹,

Matheson²

1955

Can. J. Microbiol.

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The reported study of the l;no~vn toxins of six different strains of enterotoxigenic staphylococci of diverse lysin productivity allows the conclusion that the enterotoxin, as indicated by the emetic response of cats, is a specific entity that is distinct from or-, p-, or 6-lysins. Emesis in cats may also be caused by p-lysin if injected in quantities greater than SO units per ligm. The Dolman Ititten test for enterotoxin may be made less eq~~ivocal by selective removal of all traces of lysins by boiling of the test specimen followed by incubation in the presence of ascorbic acid. Lysins inactivated by heat, formalin, homologous antitoxins, or ascorbic acid do not cause emesis. Immunization of cats with specific enterotoxic filtrates has demonstrated the existence of antigenically distinct enterotosins. a t 57" C. than a t temperatures above 80" C.On the other hancl, North (15) has shown t h a t a number of strains t h a t produced alpha-lysin were not enterotoxigenic, while Dolinan (3) was able t o inhibit the production of alpha-lysin by incubating cultures a t room temperature without curtailing the enterotoxicity of a filtrate. Dolman and Wilson &Ianz~script received Janz~ary 26, 1955. A contrihz~tion from the laboratories of the Food and Drug Directorate Department of National Healtlt attd Welfare, Ottawa, Canada. Can. J. Microbiol. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by McMaster University on 11/26/14 For personal use only.

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“…The treatment, care, and method of injection of cats or kittens were similar to those described by Matheson and Thatcher (1955). In brief, the cats were quarantined for 21 days, during which time they were wormed, given immune serum, pneumonitis vaccine, and distemper vaccine (twice), and checked for ringworm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Inactivation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A

Denny

Tan

Bohrer

1966

Journal of Food Science

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SUMMARY A large batch of enterotoxin A from Staphylococcus aureus strain 196‐E was prepared in easamino acid medium and concentrated 13.5 times by dialysis under polyethylene glycol. Concurrent tests on heat inactivation of this toxin were conducted with monkeys and cats. The heat inactivation curve based on the cat emetic reaction to intraperitoneal injection ean be expressed as a straight‐line semi‐logarithmic curve with a slope (z) of 48° F to traverse one log cycle of time and a resistance at 250°F of 11 min (F49250=11 min). The heat inactivation curve based on the monkey emetic reaction to oral feeding was F49250= 8 min. The heat resistance tests based on the two test animals are in remarkable agreement. Cats were found to be considerably more susceptible to the toxin by injection than were monkeys by feeding. The implication of these tests in relation to heat processing of foods is discussed, and preliminary indications are that the processes given commercially canned foods in which the organisms will grow are sufficient to destroy the toxin.

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Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: I. A Reappraisal of the Validity of the "Kitten Test" as an Indication of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: V. Possible Identification of Alpha Hemolysin With a Proteolytic Enzyme

Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: V. Possible Identification of Alpha Hemolysin With a Proteolytic Enzyme

Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: Ii. The Specificity of Enterotoxin

Heat Inactivation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A

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